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Tourism, risk tolerance and competences: Travel organization and tourism hazards

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  • Williams, Allan M.
  • Baláž, Vladimír

Abstract

Research on how individual tourists respond to risk has largely focussed on risk perceptions. This paper draws on behavioural economics to analyse the influence of risk tolerance and risk-related competences on how tourists organize their tourism travel, and the importance that they ascribe to specific types of tourism hazards. Whereas most tourism research on risk has been based on small, or highly age-specific surveys, or particular market segments, this paper utilises an innovative, large-scale survey drawn from the range of the UK population. There were significant differences between package tourists and individual ‘drifter’ tourists in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics, general and tourism-specific risk tolerance, and competence – both real and illusory – to manage risk. Age, and tolerance of both general and tourism-specific risks, were associated with the importance of hazards as deterrents to tourist behaviour, but the evidence for competences was mixed.

Suggested Citation

  • Williams, Allan M. & Baláž, Vladimír, 2013. "Tourism, risk tolerance and competences: Travel organization and tourism hazards," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 209-221.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:touman:v:35:y:2013:i:c:p:209-221
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.07.006
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    2. Suellen Tapsall & Geoffrey N Soutar & Wendy A Elliott & Tim Mazzarol & Jennifer Holland, 2022. "COVID-19’s impact on the perceived risk of ocean cruising: A best-worst scaling study of Australian consumers," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(1), pages 248-271, February.
    3. Baláž, Vladimír & Chen, Jason Li & Williams, Allan M. & Li, Gang, 2024. "Stability of risk and uncertainty preferences in tourism," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    4. Cirer Costa, Joan Carles, 2014. "Petróleo: peligro mortal. Unas islas alquitranadas [Oil: Fatal danger. The Balearic Islands tarred]," MPRA Paper 58243, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Yang, Elaine Chiao Ling & Khoo-Lattimore, Catheryn & Arcodia, Charles, 2017. "A systematic literature review of risk and gender research in tourism," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 89-100.
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    8. Begoña à lvarez-García & Ariadna Monje-Amor & José Pablo Abeal Vázquez, 2024. "Exploring the Spanish Tourists’ Intentions to Travel to Zones That Have a Low-Impact of COVID-19 by Taking into Account Their Cognitive and Affective Risk Perceptions About the Pandemic," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, May.
    9. Jie Yin & Youcheng Chen & Yingchao Ji, 2021. "Effect of the event strength of the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) on potential online organic agricultural product consumption and rural health tourism opportunities," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(5), pages 1156-1171, July.
    10. Olya, Hossein G.T. & Altinay, Levent, 2016. "Asymmetric modeling of intention to purchase tourism weather insurance and loyalty," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(8), pages 2791-2800.
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    12. Casidy, Riza & Wymer, Walter, 2016. "A risk worth taking: Perceived risk as moderator of satisfaction, loyalty, and willingness-to-pay premium price," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 189-197.
    13. Andreas Strebinger & Horst Treiblmaier, 2022. "Profiling early adopters of blockchain-based hotel booking applications: demographic, psychographic, and service-related factors," Information Technology & Tourism, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 1-30, March.
    14. Monika Małgorzata Wojcieszak-Zbierska & Anna Jęczmyk & Jan Zawadka & Jarosław Uglis, 2020. "Agritourism in the Era of the Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Rapid Assessment from Poland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-19, September.
    15. Maja Turnšek & Mitja Gorenak & Boštjan Brumen & Janez Mekinc & Marjetka Rangus & Tanja Lešnik Štuhec, 2020. "Perceived Threat of COVID-19 and Future Travel Avoidance: Results from an Early Convenient Sample in Slovenia," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 13(1), pages 3-19.
    16. Cirer-Costa, Joan Carles, 2015. "Pouring oil over the Balearic tourism industry," MPRA Paper 61164, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Jeuring, Jelmer & Becken, Susanne, 2013. "Tourists and severe weather – An exploration of the role of ‘Locus of Responsibility’ in protective behaviour decisions," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 193-202.
    18. Yeongbae Choe & Hyesun Kim & Youngjoon Choi, 2022. "Willingness to pay for travel insurance as a risk reduction behavior: health-related risk perception after the outbreak of COVID-19," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 16(3), pages 445-467, September.
    19. Xuemin Liu & Jiaoju Ge & Ting Ren, 2021. "Uncertainty and Tourism Consumption Preferences: Evidence from the Representative Chinese City of Shenzhen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-20, April.
    20. Katalin Lőrincz & Zsuzsanna Banász & János Csapó, 2020. "Customer Involvement in Sustainable Tourism Planning at Lake Balaton, Hungary—Analysis of the Consumer Preferences of the Active Cycling Tourists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-18, June.
    21. Williams, Allan M. & Chen, Jason Li & Li, Gang & Baláž, Vladimír, 2022. "Risk, uncertainty and ambiguity amid Covid-19: A multi-national analysis of international travel intentions," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    22. Maja Turnšek & Mitja Gorenak & Boštjan Brumen & Janez Mekinc & Marjetka Rangus & Tanja Lešnik Štuhec, 2020. "Perceived Threat of COVID-19 and Future Travel Avoidance: Results from an Early Convenient Sample in Slovenia," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 13(1), pages 3-19.
    23. Sanja Kovačić & Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint & Ruxandra Ionce & Đurđa Miljković, 2020. "What are the Factors affecting Tourist Behavior based on the Perception of Risk? Romanian and Serbian Tourists’ Perspective in the Aftermath of the recent Floods and Wildfires in Greece," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-22, August.
    24. M. Minsuk Shin & Eun Jeong Noh & Jiwon Lee, 2018. "Study abroad programs as a service convergence: an international marketing approach," Service Business, Springer;Pan-Pacific Business Association, vol. 12(2), pages 253-275, June.
    25. Francesc González-Reverté & Pablo Díaz-Luque & Joan Miquel Gomis-López & Soledad Morales-Pérez, 2018. "Tourists’ Risk Perception and the Use of Mobile Devices in Beach Tourism Destinations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, February.

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