IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v176y2023ics1364032123000497.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Oil palm biomass in Indonesia: Thermochemical upgrading and its utilization

Author

Listed:
  • Nabila, Rakhmawati
  • Hidayat, Wahyu
  • Haryanto, Agus
  • Hasanudin, Udin
  • Iryani, Dewi Agustina
  • Lee, Sihyun
  • Kim, Sangdo
  • Kim, Soohyun
  • Chun, Donghyuk
  • Choi, Hokyung
  • Im, Hyuk
  • Lim, Jeonghwan
  • Kim, Kwanyoung
  • Jun, Dukwoo
  • Moon, Jooyeon
  • Yoo, Jiho

Abstract

Indonesia is the world's largest palm oil producing country. The oil palm industry (plantation and milling) generates large amounts of solid waste in the form of empty fruit bunches (EFB), palm kernel shells (PKS), mesocarp fiber (MF), oil palm fronds (OPF), and oil palm trunks (OPT). This leftover waste, collectively termed oil palm biomass (OPB), causes severe environmental pollution, thereby threatening the sustainability of the oil palm industry. Upgrading OPB by thermochemical processes (torrefaction and pyrolysis) has attracted significant interest as a means of recycling the residues and mitigating the environmental damage. This study reviews the previous research on the environment-friendly utilization of OPB in Indonesia. First, general information is presented on OPB in Indonesia (availability, properties, and governmental policy). Second, the torrefaction of OPB for the production of upgraded solid fuel is summarized. Third, the pyrolysis of OPB to produce biochar is reviewed for use as a soil amendment and in carbon storage. The market perspective and life cycle assessment (LCA) of the thermally treated OPB are discussed, targeting the generation of electricity (OPB torrefaction) and agricultural soil enhancement (OPB biochar). The recycling of OPB is expected to contribute to the sustainability and economic success of the oil palm industry and also the net-zero 2060 in Indonesia.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabila, Rakhmawati & Hidayat, Wahyu & Haryanto, Agus & Hasanudin, Udin & Iryani, Dewi Agustina & Lee, Sihyun & Kim, Sangdo & Kim, Soohyun & Chun, Donghyuk & Choi, Hokyung & Im, Hyuk & Lim, Jeonghwan &, 2023. "Oil palm biomass in Indonesia: Thermochemical upgrading and its utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:176:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123000497
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113193
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032123000497
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113193?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Suriapparao, Dadi V. & Vinu, R., 2021. "Biomass waste conversion into value-added products via microwave-assisted Co-Pyrolysis platform," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 400-409.
    2. Ahmad, Farah B. & Zhang, Zhanying & Doherty, William O.S. & O'Hara, Ian M., 2019. "The outlook of the production of advanced fuels and chemicals from integrated oil palm biomass biorefinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 386-411.
    3. Sher, Farooq & Yaqoob, Aqsa & Saeed, Farrukh & Zhang, Shengfu & Jahan, Zaib & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2020. "Torrefied biomass fuels as a renewable alternative to coal in co-firing for power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    4. Kubitza, Christoph & Krishna, Vijesh V. & Urban, Kira & Alamsyah, Zulkifli & Qaim, Matin, 2018. "Land Property Rights, Agricultural Intensification, and Deforestation in Indonesia," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 312-321.
    5. Abhishek Kumar & Tanushree Bhattacharya, 2021. "Biochar: a sustainable solution," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(5), pages 6642-6680, May.
    6. Mun, Tae-Young & Tumsa, Tefera Zelalem & Lee, Uendo & Yang, Won, 2016. "Performance evaluation of co-firing various kinds of biomass with low rank coals in a 500 MWe coal-fired power plant," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 954-962.
    7. Harahap, Fumi & Leduc, Sylvain & Mesfun, Sennai & Khatiwada, Dilip & Kraxner, Florian & Silveira, Semida, 2020. "Meeting the bioenergy targets from palm oil based biorefineries: An optimal configuration in Indonesia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    8. Jaka Isgiyarta & Bambang Sudarmanta & Jalu Aji Prakoso & Eka Nur Jannah & Arif Rahman Saleh, 2022. "Micro-Grid Oil Palm Plantation Waste Gasification Power Plant in Indonesia: Techno-Economic and Socio-Environmental Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Agus Haryanto & Wahyu Hidayat & Udin Hasanudin & Dewi Agustina Iryani & Sangdo Kim & Sihyun Lee & Jiho Yoo, 2021. "Valorization of Indonesian Wood Wastes through Pyrolysis: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-25, March.
    10. Isah Y. Mohammed & Yousif A. Abakr & Feroz K. Kazi & Suzana Yusup & Ibraheem Alshareef & Soh A. Chin, 2015. "Comprehensive Characterization of Napier Grass as a Feedstock for Thermochemical Conversion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-15, April.
    11. Qin, Fanzhi & Zhang, Chen & Zeng, Guangming & Huang, Danlian & Tan, Xiaofei & Duan, Abing, 2022. "Lignocellulosic biomass carbonization for biochar production and characterization of biochar reactivity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    12. Mohammad Rondhi & Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan & Yasuhiro Mori & Takumi Kondo, 2019. "Assessing the Role of the Perceived Impact of Climate Change on National Adaptation Policy: The Case of Rice Farming in Indonesia," Land, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-21, May.
    13. Motasemi, F. & Afzal, Muhammad T., 2013. "A review on the microwave-assisted pyrolysis technique," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 317-330.
    14. Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Liew, Rock Keey & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Peng, Wanxi & Park, Young-Kwon & Sonne, Christian & Kong, Sieng Huat & Tabatabaei, 2021. "Progress in the torrefaction technology for upgrading oil palm wastes to energy-dense biochar: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    15. Kelly-Yong, Tau Len & Lee, Keat Teong & Mohamed, Abdul Rahman & Bhatia, Subhash, 2007. "Potential of hydrogen from oil palm biomass as a source of renewable energy worldwide," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(11), pages 5692-5701, November.
    16. Dorde Medic & Matthew Darr & Ajay Shah & Sarah Rahn, 2012. "The Effects of Particle Size, Different Corn Stover Components, and Gas Residence Time on Torrefaction of Corn Stover," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(4), pages 1-16, April.
    17. Yana, Syaifuddin & Nizar, Muhammad & Irhamni, & Mulyati, Dewi, 2022. "Biomass waste as a renewable energy in developing bio-based economies in Indonesia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    18. Yoyon Wahyono & Hadiyanto Hadiyanto & Mochamad Arief Budihardjo & Joni Safaat Adiansyah, 2020. "Assessing the Environmental Performance of Palm Oil Biodiesel Production in Indonesia: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-25, June.
    19. Thomas Guillaume & Martyna M. Kotowska & Dietrich Hertel & Alexander Knohl & Valentyna Krashevska & Kukuh Murtilaksono & Stefan Scheu & Yakov Kuzyakov, 2018. "Carbon costs and benefits of Indonesian rainforest conversion to plantations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Kan, Tao & Strezov, Vladimir & Evans, Tim J., 2016. "Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: A review of product properties and effects of pyrolysis parameters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1126-1140.
    21. Maulidia, Martha & Dargusch, Paul & Ashworth, Peta & Ardiansyah, Fitrian, 2019. "Rethinking renewable energy targets and electricity sector reform in Indonesia: A private sector perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 231-247.
    22. Kusuma, Ravi Teja & Hiremath, Rahul B. & Rajesh, Pachimatla & Kumar, Bimlesh & Renukappa, Suresh, 2022. "Sustainable transition towards biomass-based cement industry: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    23. Junga, Robert & Pospolita, Janusz & Niemiec, Patrycja, 2020. "Combustion and grindability characteristics of palm kernel shells torrefied in a pilot-scale installation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1239-1250.
    24. Bajwa, Dilpreet S. & Peterson, Tyler & Sharma, Neeta & Shojaeiarani, Jamileh & Bajwa, Sreekala G., 2018. "A review of densified solid biomass for energy production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 296-305.
    25. Abd Rashid, Rusila Zamani & Mohd. Salleh, Hamzah & Ani, Mohd Hanafi & Yunus, Nurul Azhani & Akiyama, Tomohiro & Purwanto, Hadi, 2014. "Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 617-623.
    26. Patel, Madhumita & Zhang, Xiaolei & Kumar, Amit, 2016. "Techno-economic and life cycle assessment on lignocellulosic biomass thermochemical conversion technologies: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1486-1499.
    27. Kongto, Pumin & Palamanit, Arkom & Chaiprapat, Sumate & Tippayawong, Nakorn, 2021. "Enhancing the fuel properties of rubberwood biomass by moving bed torrefaction process for further applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 703-713.
    28. Ubando, Aristotle T. & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2019. "Iron oxide reduction by graphite and torrefied biomass analyzed by TG-FTIR for mitigating CO2 emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 968-977.
    29. Bangun Adi Wijaya & Wahyu Hidayat & Melya Riniarti & Hendra Prasetia & Ainin Niswati & Udin Hasanudin & Irwan Sukri Banuwa & Sangdo Kim & Sihyun Lee & Jiho Yoo, 2022. "Meranti ( Shorea sp.) Biochar Application Method on the Growth of Sengon ( Falcataria moluccana ) as a Solution of Phosphorus Crisis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-14, March.
    30. Rodríguez-Monroy, Carlos & Mármol-Acitores, Gloria & Nilsson-Cifuentes, Gabriel, 2018. "Electricity generation in Chile using non-conventional renewable energy sources – A focus on biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 937-945.
    31. Shuit, S.H. & Tan, K.T. & Lee, K.T. & Kamaruddin, A.H., 2009. "Oil palm biomass as a sustainable energy source: A Malaysian case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(9), pages 1225-1235.
    32. Halimatussadiah, A. & Nainggolan, D. & Yui, S. & Moeis, F.R. & Siregar, A.A., 2021. "Progressive biodiesel policy in Indonesia: Does the Government's economic proposition hold?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    33. D. A. Bossio & S. C. Cook-Patton & P. W. Ellis & J. Fargione & J. Sanderman & P. Smith & S. Wood & R. J. Zomer & M. Unger & I. M. Emmer & B. W. Griscom, 2020. "The role of soil carbon in natural climate solutions," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(5), pages 391-398, May.
    34. Kong, Sieng-Huat & Loh, Soh-Kheang & Bachmann, Robert Thomas & Rahim, Sahibin Abdul & Salimon, Jumat, 2014. "Biochar from oil palm biomass: A review of its potential and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 729-739.
    35. Lim, Steven & Teong, Lee Keat, 2010. "Recent trends, opportunities and challenges of biodiesel in Malaysia: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 938-954, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wirawan, Soni S. & Solikhah, Maharani D. & Setiapraja, Hari & Sugiyono, Agus, 2024. "Biodiesel implementation in Indonesia: Experiences and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Awalludin, Mohd Fahmi & Sulaiman, Othman & Hashim, Rokiah & Nadhari, Wan Noor Aidawati Wan, 2015. "An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1469-1484.
    2. Adeleke, Adekunle A. & Ikubanni, Peter P. & Emmanuel, Stephen S. & Fajobi, Moses O. & Nwachukwu, Praise & Adesibikan, Ademidun A. & Odusote, Jamiu K. & Adeyemi, Emmanuel O. & Abioye, Oluwaseyi M. & Ok, 2024. "A comprehensive review on the similarity and disparity of torrefied biomass and coal properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    3. Su, Guangcan & Mohd Zulkifli, Nurin Wahidah & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Ibrahim, Shaliza & Bu, Quan & Zhu, Ruonan, 2022. "Pyrolysis of oil palm wastes for bioenergy in Malaysia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    4. Jun Sheng Teh & Yew Heng Teoh & Heoy Geok How & Thanh Danh Le & Yeoh Jun Jie Jason & Huu Tho Nguyen & Dong Lin Loo, 2021. "The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-31, April.
    5. Alsulami, Radi A. & El-Sayed, Saad A. & Eltaher, Mohamed A. & Mohammad, Akram & Almitani, Khalid H. & Mostafa, Mohamed E., 2023. "Pyrolysis kinetics and thermal degradation characteristics of coffee, date seed, and prickly pear wastes and their blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    6. Fanta Barry & Marie Sawadogo & Maïmouna Bologo (Traoré) & Igor W. K. Ouédraogo & Thomas Dogot, 2021. "Key Barriers to the Adoption of Biomass Gasification in Burkina Faso," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, June.
    7. Kumar, R. & Strezov, V., 2021. "Thermochemical production of bio-oil: A review of downstream processing technologies for bio-oil upgrading, production of hydrogen and high value-added products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    8. Ge, Shengbo & Yek, Peter Nai Yuh & Cheng, Yoke Wang & Xia, Changlei & Wan Mahari, Wan Adibah & Liew, Rock Keey & Peng, Wanxi & Yuan, Tong-Qi & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Sonne, Christia, 2021. "Progress in microwave pyrolysis conversion of agricultural waste to value-added biofuels: A batch to continuous approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Sher, Farooq & Yaqoob, Aqsa & Saeed, Farrukh & Zhang, Shengfu & Jahan, Zaib & Klemeš, Jiří Jaromír, 2020. "Torrefied biomass fuels as a renewable alternative to coal in co-firing for power generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    10. Chen, Dengyu & Cen, Kehui & Cao, Xiaobing & Chen, Fan & Zhang, Jie & Zhou, Jianbin, 2021. "Insight into a new phenolic-leaching pretreatment on bamboo pyrolysis: Release characteristics of pyrolytic volatiles, upgradation of three phase products, migration of elements, and energy yield," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    11. Nipattummakul, Nimit & Ahmed, Islam I. & Kerdsuwan, Somrat & Gupta, Ashwani K., 2012. "Steam gasification of oil palm trunk waste for clean syngas production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 778-782.
    12. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Zuha Anjum & Nabila Yasin & Leenah Siddiqui & Ifzana Farhat & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mohamed Darwish & Muhammad Aamir &, 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-49, September.
    13. Beims, R.F. & Simonato, C.L. & Wiggers, V.R., 2019. "Technology readiness level assessment of pyrolysis of trygliceride biomass to fuels and chemicals," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 521-529.
    14. Yun, Huimin & Clift, Roland & Bi, Xiaotao, 2020. "Process simulation, techno-economic evaluation and market analysis of supply chains for torrefied wood pellets from British Columbia: Impacts of plant configuration and distance to market," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    15. Ren, Xueyong & Shanb Ghazani, Mohammad & Zhu, Hui & Ao, Wenya & Zhang, Han & Moreside, Emma & Zhu, Jinjiao & Yang, Pu & Zhong, Na & Bi, Xiaotao, 2022. "Challenges and opportunities in microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    16. Mohammed, M.A.A. & Salmiaton, A. & Wan Azlina, W.A.K.G. & Mohammad Amran, M.S. & Fakhru'l-Razi, A. & Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., 2011. "Hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source of renewable energy in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1258-1270, February.
    17. Ashokkumar, Veeramuthu & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Kamyab, Hesam & Kumar, Gopalakrishnan & Al-Muhtaseb, Ala'a H. & Ngamcharussrivichai, Chawalit, 2019. "Cultivation of microalgae Chlorella sp. in municipal sewage for biofuel production and utilization of biochar derived from residue for the conversion of hematite iron ore (Fe2O3) to iron (Fe) – Integr," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    18. Ozturk, Munir & Saba, Naheed & Altay, Volkan & Iqbal, Rizwan & Hakeem, Khalid Rehman & Jawaid, Mohammad & Ibrahim, Faridah Hanum, 2017. "Biomass and bioenergy: An overview of the development potential in Turkey and Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1285-1302.
    19. Galán-Martín, Ángel & Contreras, María del Mar & Romero, Inmaculada & Ruiz, Encarnación & Bueno-Rodríguez, Salvador & Eliche-Quesada, Dolores & Castro-Galiano, Eulogio, 2022. "The potential role of olive groves to deliver carbon dioxide removal in a carbon-neutral Europe: Opportunities and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    20. Anna Matuszewska & Marlena Owczuk & Krzysztof Biernat, 2022. "Current Trends in Waste Plastics’ Liquefaction into Fuel Fraction: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-32, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:176:y:2023:i:c:s1364032123000497. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/600126/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.