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Detailed performance model of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system utilizing selective spectral nanofluid absorption

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  • Brekke, Nick
  • Dale, John
  • DeJarnette, Drew
  • Hari, Parameswar
  • Orosz, Matthew
  • Roberts, Kenneth
  • Tunkara, Ebrima
  • Otanicar, Todd

Abstract

This work explores recent advancements of a concentrating hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (CPV/T) system, with an emphasis on detailed modeling and parametric performance studies. This system combines two widely researched methods of harnessing solar energy: photovoltaics (PV) and solar thermal. The CPV/T system proposed here uses a nanoparticle-based heat transfer fluid to spectrally absorb bands of the solar spectrum not efficiently utilized by the PV cell or below the bandgap of the cell with the remaining light transmitted to the PV. The fluid's spectral absorption characteristics can be tuned depending on the PV cell bandgap. A unique architecture designed in this study allows the fluid to be pumped through a transparent glass structure where it absorbs wavelengths not effectively utilized by the PV cell. This work documents the development of a 2-D thermal model of a hybrid CPV/T system. The novel model accounts for the temperature dependent PV bandgap and temperature variations along the length of the system. The thermal interactions between the filter fluid and PV, caused by the physical parameters of the system are of interest here. This includes the exergy, thermal efficiency, and PV efficiency. In this numerical study the influence of system length, mass flow rate in both the absorbing filter loop, and concentration ratio are varied parametrically to understand the potential operational space of this type of collector. Two common cell materials are also studied, crystalline silicon and gallium arsenide. In addition, this is the first study that investigates the role of heat transfer on system performance when the working fluid flows in a cascaded fashion through the PV and filter channel, and when these flow rates are decoupled. Results show that decoupling these flowrates is an important factor as lower convective heat transfer is advantageous in the filter versus the PV cooling side. At a concentration ratio of 25x the cSi system achieves an exergetic efficiency of 41.3% with 71.3% coming from heat versus 42.3% exergetic efficiency with 57.7% coming from heat for the GaAs system.

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  • Brekke, Nick & Dale, John & DeJarnette, Drew & Hari, Parameswar & Orosz, Matthew & Roberts, Kenneth & Tunkara, Ebrima & Otanicar, Todd, 2018. "Detailed performance model of a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system utilizing selective spectral nanofluid absorption," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 683-693.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:123:y:2018:i:c:p:683-693
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.01.025
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    4. Mojiri, Ahmad & Stanley, Cameron & Rodriguez-Sanchez, David & Everett, Vernie & Blakers, Andrew & Rosengarten, Gary, 2016. "A spectral-splitting PV–thermal volumetric solar receiver," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 63-71.
    5. Looser, R. & Vivar, M. & Everett, V., 2014. "Spectral characterisation and long-term performance analysis of various commercial Heat Transfer Fluids (HTF) as Direct-Absorption Filters for CPV-T beam-splitting applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1496-1511.
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    9. Crisostomo, Felipe & Hjerrild, Natasha & Mesgari, Sara & Li, Qiyuan & Taylor, Robert A., 2017. "A hybrid PV/T collector using spectrally selective absorbing nanofluids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 1-14.
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    1. Yazdanifard, Farideh & Ameri, Mehran, 2018. "Exergetic advancement of photovoltaic/thermal systems (PV/T): A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 529-553.
    2. Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Boyu & Li, Haoran & Niu, Xiaojuan & Li, Yan & Lan, Jingrui, 2022. "Recent progress in thermal energy recovery from the decoupled photovoltaic/thermal system equipped with spectral splitters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Wang, Kai & Pantaleo, Antonio M. & Herrando, María & Faccia, Michele & Pesmazoglou, Ioannis & Franchetti, Benjamin M. & Markides, Christos N., 2020. "Spectral-splitting hybrid PV-thermal (PVT) systems for combined heat and power provision to dairy farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 1047-1065.
    4. Huang, Gan & Wang, Kai & Curt, Sara Riera & Franchetti, Benjamin & Pesmazoglou, Ioannis & Markides, Christos N., 2021. "On the performance of concentrating fluid-based spectral-splitting hybrid PV-thermal (PV-T) solar collectors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 590-605.
    5. Sainz-Mañas, Miguel & Bataille, Françoise & Caliot, Cyril & Vossier, Alexis & Flamant, Gilles, 2022. "Direct absorption nanofluid-based solar collectors for low and medium temperatures. A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Tieliu Jiang & Tianlin Zou & Gang Wang, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Thermodynamic Performances of a Linear Fresnel Reflector Photovoltaic/Thermal System Using Ag/Water and Ag-CoSO 4 /Water Nano-Fluid Spectrum Filters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-16, August.
    7. Wang, Gang & Zhang, Zhen & Chen, Zeshao, 2023. "Design and performance evaluation of a novel CPV-T system using nano-fluid spectrum filter and with high solar concentrating uniformity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    8. Hong, Wenpeng & Li, Boyu & Li, Haoran & Zi, Junliang, 2023. "Output energy distribution potential enabled by a nanofluid-assisted hybrid generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    9. Sharaf, Omar Z. & Al-Khateeb, Ashraf N. & Kyritsis, Dimitrios C. & Abu-Nada, Eiyad, 2018. "Direct absorption solar collector (DASC) modeling and simulation using a novel Eulerian-Lagrangian hybrid approach: Optical, thermal, and hydrodynamic interactions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 1132-1145.
    10. Xia, Xiaokang & Wei, Wei & Yu, Bendong & Li, Niansi & Ji, Jie, 2024. "Experiment and numerical investigation on a spectral splitting PV/T system for electrical energy and thermal output," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Huang, Ju & Han, Xinyue & Zhao, Xiaobo & Khosa, Azhar Abbas & Meng, Chunfeng, 2022. "The stability, optical behavior optimization of Ag@SiO2 nanofluids and their application in spectral splitting photovoltaic/thermal receivers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 865-878.
    12. Tieliu Jiang & Mingqi Liu & Jianqing Lin, 2023. "A Detailed Numerical Study of a Nanofluid-Based Photovoltaic/THERMAL Hybrid System under Non-Uniform Solar Flux Distribution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-12, March.
    13. Robertson, John & Riggs, Brian & Islam, Kazi & Ji, Yaping Vera & Spitler, Christopher M. & Gupta, Naman & Krut, Dimitri & Ermer, Jim & Miller, Fletcher & Codd, Daniel & Escarra, Matthew, 2019. "Field testing of a spectrum-splitting transmissive concentrator photovoltaic module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 806-814.
    14. Ju, Xing & Abd El-Samie, Mostafa M. & Xu, Chao & Yu, Hangyu & Pan, Xinyu & Yang, Yongping, 2020. "A fully coupled numerical simulation of a hybrid concentrated photovoltaic/thermal system that employs a therminol VP-1 based nanofluid as a spectral beam filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    15. Han, Xinyue & Zhao, Xiaobo & Chen, Xiaobin, 2020. "Design and analysis of a concentrating PV/T system with nanofluid based spectral beam splitter and heat pipe cooling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 55-70.
    16. Shen, Chao & Lv, Guoquan & Wei, Shen & Zhang, Chunxiao & Ruan, Changyun, 2020. "Investigating the performance of a novel solar lighting/heating system using spectrum-sensitive nanofluids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    17. Kumar, Sushil & Thakur, Robin & Kumar, Sushil & Lee, Daeho & Kumar, Raj, 2024. "Impact of liquid spectrum filter and solar tracker on the overall effectiveness of a photovoltaic thermal system: An experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    18. Zhang, Chunxiao & Shen, Chao & Wei, Shen & Zhang, Yingbo & Sun, Cheng, 2021. "Flexible management of heat/electricity of novel PV/T systems with spectrum regulation by Ag nanofluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    19. Zhang, Chunxiao & Shen, Chao & Zhang, Yingbo & Pu, Jihong, 2022. "Feasibility investigation of spectral splitting photovoltaic /thermal systems for domestic space heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 231-242.
    20. Otanicar, Todd & Dale, John & Orosz, Matthew & Brekke, Nick & DeJarnette, Drew & Tunkara, Ebrima & Roberts, Kenneth & Harikumar, Parameswar, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of a prototype hybrid CPV/T system utilizing a nanoparticle fluid absorber at elevated temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1531-1539.
    21. Ren, Xiao & Li, Jing & Gao, Datong & Wu, Lijun & Pei, Gang, 2021. "Analysis of a novel photovoltaic/thermal system using InGaN/GaN MQWs cells in high temperature applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 11-20.
    22. Pan, Hong-Yu & Chen, Xue & Xia, Xin-Lin, 2022. "A review on the evolvement of optical-frequency filtering in photonic devices in 2016–2021," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    23. Wang, Gang & Wang, Fasi & Shen, Fan & Chen, Zeshao & Hu, Peng, 2019. "Novel design and thermodynamic analysis of a solar concentration PV and thermal combined system based on compact linear Fresnel reflector," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 133-148.
    24. Abdelrazik, A.S. & Al-Sulaiman, F.A. & Saidur, R., 2022. "Feasibility study for the integration of optical filtration and nano-enhanced phase change materials to the conventional PV-based solar systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 463-483.

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