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A novel system-theoretic approach for human-system collaboration safety: Case studies on two degrees of autonomy for autonomous ships

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  • Cheng, Tingting
  • Utne, Ingrid Bouwer
  • Wu, Bing
  • Wu, Qing

Abstract

Shore control center (SCC) operators of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) may be allocated with complex responsibilities within different degrees of autonomy (DoA), from remote control to remote supervision, and the role of human in-the-loop is significant. In the current research on MASS, however, the safety of interactions between humans and systems are not sufficiently considered. Hence, this paper proposes a system-theoretic approach to safety analysis for human-system collaboration. The novelty of the approach is the definition of operational contexts of MASS and the integration of a human cognitive model into the system theoretic process analysis (STPA), called STPA-Cog. The method is demonstrated in two case studies of MASS: (i) remote control mode (RCM) and (ii) remote supervision mode (RSM), focusing on two types of navigational accidents (i.e., collision and grounding). The analysis results are derived by comparing the human-related and technical-related causal scenarios in RCM and in RSM. The findings can assist in human-oriented design and operational planning for SCC of MASS. Further, the proposed approach also has the potential to be used and extended to systemic safety analysis in other intelligent transportation systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng, Tingting & Utne, Ingrid Bouwer & Wu, Bing & Wu, Qing, 2023. "A novel system-theoretic approach for human-system collaboration safety: Case studies on two degrees of autonomy for autonomous ships," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:237:y:2023:i:c:s0951832023003022
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2023.109388
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Shiokari, Megumi & Itoh, Hiroko & Yuzui, Tomohiro & Ishimura, Eiko & Miyake, Rina & Kudo, Junichi & Kawashima, Sonoko, 2024. "Structure model-based hazard identification method for autonomous ships," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    3. Fan, Cunlong & Montewka, Jakub & Bolbot, Victor & Zhang, Yang & Qiu, Yuhui & Hu, Shenping, 2024. "Towards an analysis framework for operational risk coupling mode: A case from MASS navigating in restricted waters," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    4. Zhang, Wenjun & Zhang, Yingjun & Zhang, Chuang, 2024. "Research on risk assessment of maritime autonomous surface ships based on catastrophe theory," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 244(C).
    5. Cheng, Tingting & Veitch, Erik A. & Utne, Ingrid Bouwer & Ramos, Marilia A. & Mosleh, Ali & Alsos, Ole Andreas & Wu, Bing, 2024. "Analysis of human errors in human-autonomy collaboration in autonomous ships operations through shore control experimental data," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).

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