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Experimental studies on the dual-fuel sequential combustion and emission simulation

Author

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  • Lu, Xingcai
  • Zhou, Xiaoxin
  • Ji, Libin
  • Yang, Zheng
  • Han, Dong
  • Huang, Chen
  • Huang, Zhen

Abstract

This study theoretically proposes and experimentally demonstrates the simultaneous reductions of NOx and soot using a novel combustion mode, (dual-fuel sequential combustion) DFSC, on a single-cylinder engine. DFSC introduces a well-mixed, lean fuel/air mixture into the cylinder by injecting high-cetane number fuel (n-heptane was used in this study) at the intake port followed by the direct injection of a high-octane number fuel (ethanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol and iso-octane were used in this study) near the top dead center (TDC). Four fuel combinations (n-heptane/iso-octane, n-heptane/ethanol, n-heptane/iso-propanol, and n-heptane/1-butanol) were operated with the DFSC mode in this study, and the ignition mechanism and combustion processes of each fuel combination were investigated. Three types of burn modes of directly injected fuels were observed: active atmosphere-dominated ignition, active-thermal atmosphere-dominated ignition, and thermal atmosphere-dominated ignition. The ignition timings of the directly injected fuels were strongly dependent on the premixed n-heptane concentration and were slightly influenced by the charge cooling effects. In the present testing conditions, the n-heptane/ethanol DFSC showed almost smokeless and ultra-low NOx emissions at the maximum indicated (mean effective pressure) IMEP of 0.76 MPa. To increase understanding of the formation mechanisms of the HC and CO emissions in this combustion mode, three-dimensional (computational fluid dynamics) CFD coupled with reduced chemical kinetic mechanisms was used to simulate the n-heptane/iso-octane DFSC mode. Preliminary results show that the HC emissions originate primarily from the core region of the spray jet, where the fuel injection tip was unable to fully oxidize and burn. The CO emissions produce primarily at the boundary layer of the cylinder wall, piston ring crevice region, and combustion chamber bowl.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu, Xingcai & Zhou, Xiaoxin & Ji, Libin & Yang, Zheng & Han, Dong & Huang, Chen & Huang, Zhen, 2013. "Experimental studies on the dual-fuel sequential combustion and emission simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 358-373.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:51:y:2013:i:c:p:358-373
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.026
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lu, Xingcai & Qian, Yong & Yang, Zheng & Han, Dong & Ji, Jibin & Zhou, Xiaoxin & Huang, Zhen, 2014. "Experimental study on compound HCCI (homogenous charge compression ignition) combustion fueled with gasoline and diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 707-718.
    2. Deng, Banglin & Fu, Jianqin & Zhang, Daming & Yang, Jing & Feng, Renhua & Liu, Jingping & Li, Ke & Liu, Xiaoqiang, 2013. "The heat release analysis of bio-butanol/gasoline blends on a high speed SI (spark ignition) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 230-241.
    3. Huang, Yuhan & Hong, Guang & Huang, Ronghua, 2016. "Effect of injection timing on mixture formation and combustion in an ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 92-103.
    4. Feng, Renhua & Fu, Jianqin & Yang, Jing & Wang, Yi & Li, Yangtao & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping & Zhang, Daming, 2015. "Combustion and emissions study on motorcycle engine fueled with butanol-gasoline blend," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 113-122.
    5. Zhang, Chao & Zhang, Chunhua & Xue, Le & Li, Yangyang, 2017. "Combustion characteristics and operation range of a RCCI combustion engine fueled with direct injection n-heptane and pipe injection n-butanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 439-448.
    6. Qian, Yong & Li, Hua & Han, Dong & Ji, Libin & Huang, Zhen & Lu, Xingcai, 2016. "Octane rating effects of direct injection fuels on dual fuel HCCI-DI stratified combustion mode with port injection of n-heptane," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 1003-1016.
    7. Ju, Dehao & Zhang, Tingting & Xiao, Jin & Qiao, Xinqi & Huang, Zhen, 2015. "Effect of droplet sizes on evaporation of a bi-component droplet at DME (dimethyl ether)/n-heptane-fueled engine conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 257-266.
    8. Xu, Leilei & Bai, Xue-Song & Li, Changle & Tunestål, Per & Tunér, Martin & Lu, Xingcai, 2019. "Combustion characteristics of gasoline DICI engine in the transition from HCCI to PPC: Experiment and numerical analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 922-937.
    9. Zhao, Wenbin & Wu, Haoqing & Mi, Shijie & Zhang, Yaoyuan & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2023. "Experimental investigation of the control strategy of high load extension under iso-butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    10. Ma, Baodong & Yao, Anren & Yao, Chunde & Chen, Chao & Qu, Guofan & Wang, Wenchao & Ai, Youkai, 2021. "Multiple combustion modes existing in the engine operating in diesel methanol dual fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    11. Liu, Haifeng & Wang, Xin & Zheng, Zunqing & Gu, Jingbo & Wang, Hu & Yao, Mingfa, 2014. "Experimental and simulation investigation of the combustion characteristics and emissions using n-butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel injection on a diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 741-752.
    12. Komninos, N.P. & Rakopoulos, C.D., 2016. "Heat transfer in hcci phenomenological simulation models: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 179-209.
    13. Li, Zilong & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Huang, Guan & Zhao, Wenbin & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Control of intake boundary conditions for enabling clean combustion in variable engine conditions under intelligent charge compression ignition (ICCI) mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    14. Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Zhu, Lifeng & Lu, Xingcai, 2015. "Experimental studies on combustion and emissions of RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) with gasoline/n-heptane and ethanol/n-heptane as fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 584-594.
    15. Lounici, Mohand Said & Loubar, Khaled & Tarabet, Lyes & Balistrou, Mourad & Niculescu, Dan-Catalin & Tazerout, Mohand, 2014. "Towards improvement of natural gas-diesel dual fuel mode: An experimental investigation on performance and exhaust emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 200-211.
    16. Zhao, Wenbin & Mi, Shijie & Wu, Haoqing & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Zhang, Qiankun & He, Zhuoyao & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2022. "Towards a comprehensive understanding of mode transition between biodiesel-biobutanol dual-fuel ICCI low temperature combustion and conventional CI combustion – Part Ⅰ: Characteristics from medium to ," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    17. Wu, Horng-Wen & Wang, Ren-Hung & Chen, Ying-Chuan & Ou, Dung-Je & Chen, Teng-Yu, 2014. "Influence of port-inducted ethanol or gasoline on combustion and emission of a closed cycle diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 259-267.
    18. Jiang, Chenxu & Li, Zilong & Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Zhang, Yahui & Lu, Xingcai, 2018. "Influences of fuel injection strategies on combustion performance and regular/irregular emissions in a turbocharged gasoline direct injection engine: Commercial gasoline versus multi-components gasoli," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 173-187.
    19. Zhao, Wenbin & Li, Zilong & Huang, Guan & Zhang, Yaoyuan & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2020. "Experimental investigation of direct injection dual fuel of n-butanol and biodiesel on Intelligent Charge Compression Ignition (ICCI) Combustion mode," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).

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