IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v7y2014i9p5995-6012d40067.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Adaptive Gain Nonlinear Observer for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Yong Tian

    (Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China)

  • Chaoren Chen

    (Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China)

  • Bizhong Xia

    (Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China)

  • Wei Sun

    (Sunwoda Electronic Co. Ltd., Yihe Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518108, Guangdong, China)

  • Zhihui Xu

    (Sunwoda Electronic Co. Ltd., Yihe Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518108, Guangdong, China)

  • Weiwei Zheng

    (Sunwoda Electronic Co. Ltd., Yihe Road, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518108, Guangdong, China)

Abstract

The state of charge ( SOC ) is important for the safety and reliability of battery operation since it indicates the remaining capacity of a battery. However, it is difficult to get an accurate value of SOC , because the SOC cannot be directly measured by a sensor. In this paper, an adaptive gain nonlinear observer (AGNO) for SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed. The second-order resistor–capacitor (2RC) equivalent circuit model is used to simulate the dynamic behaviors of a LIB, based on which the state equations are derived to design the AGNO for SOC estimation. The model parameters are identified using the exponential-function fitting method. The sixth-order polynomial function is used to describe the highly nonlinear relationship between the open circuit voltage ( OCV ) and the SOC . The convergence of the proposed AGNO is proved using the Lyapunov stability theory. Two typical driving cycles, including the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) are adopted to evaluate the performance of the AGNO by comparing with the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm. The experimental results show that the AGNO has better performance than the UKF algorithm in terms of reducing the computation cost, improving the estimation accuracy and enhancing the convergence ability.

Suggested Citation

  • Yong Tian & Chaoren Chen & Bizhong Xia & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu & Weiwei Zheng, 2014. "An Adaptive Gain Nonlinear Observer for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(9), pages 1-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:9:p:5995-6012:d:40067
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/9/5995/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/7/9/5995/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. He, Yao & Liu, XingTao & Zhang, ChenBin & Chen, ZongHai, 2013. "A new model for State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation for high-power Li-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 808-814.
    2. Xiong, Rui & Sun, Fengchun & Gong, Xianzhi & Gao, Chenchen, 2014. "A data-driven based adaptive state of charge estimator of lithium-ion polymer battery used in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1421-1433.
    3. Eddahech, Akram & Briat, Olivier & Vinassa, Jean-Michel, 2013. "Thermal characterization of a high-power lithium-ion battery: Potentiometric and calorimetric measurement of entropy changes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 432-439.
    4. Dai, Haifeng & Wei, Xuezhe & Sun, Zechang & Wang, Jiayuan & Gu, Weijun, 2012. "Online cell SOC estimation of Li-ion battery packs using a dual time-scale Kalman filtering for EV applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 227-237.
    5. Shifei Yuan & Hongjie Wu & Chengliang Yin, 2013. "State of Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter for Battery Management Systems Based on the ARX Battery Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(1), pages 1-27, January.
    6. Xiaosong Hu & Fengchun Sun & Yuan Zou, 2010. "Estimation of State of Charge of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles Using an Adaptive Luenberger Observer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 3(9), pages 1-18, September.
    7. Sun, Fengchun & Hu, Xiaosong & Zou, Yuan & Li, Siguang, 2011. "Adaptive unscented Kalman filtering for state of charge estimation of a lithium-ion battery for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3531-3540.
    8. Hongwen He & Hongzhou Qin & Xiaokun Sun & Yuanpeng Shui, 2013. "Comparison Study on the Battery SoC Estimation with EKF and UKF Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(10), pages 1-13, September.
    9. Ng, Kong Soon & Moo, Chin-Sien & Chen, Yi-Ping & Hsieh, Yao-Ching, 2009. "Enhanced coulomb counting method for estimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(9), pages 1506-1511, September.
    10. Xing, Yinjiao & He, Wei & Pecht, Michael & Tsui, Kwok Leung, 2014. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries using the open-circuit voltage at various ambient temperatures," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 106-115.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yanwen & Wang, Chao & Gong, Jinfeng, 2016. "A combination Kalman filter approach for State of Charge estimation of lithium-ion battery considering model uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 933-946.
    2. Zhu, Jiangong & Knapp, Michael & Darma, Mariyam Susana Dewi & Fang, Qiaohua & Wang, Xueyuan & Dai, Haifeng & Wei, Xuezhe & Ehrenberg, Helmut, 2019. "An improved electro-thermal battery model complemented by current dependent parameters for vehicular low temperature application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 149-161.
    3. Hong, Jichao & Wang, Zhenpo & Chen, Wen & Yao, Yongtao, 2019. "Synchronous multi-parameter prediction of battery systems on electric vehicles using long short-term memory networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Bizhong Xia & Haiqing Wang & Yong Tian & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2015. "State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Adaptive Cubature Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Bizhong Xia & Rui Huang & Zizhou Lao & Ruifeng Zhang & Yongzhi Lai & Weiwei Zheng & Huawen Wang & Wei Wang & Mingwang Wang, 2018. "Online Parameter Identification of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Novel Multiple Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Square Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Yong Tian & Jindong Tian & Dong Li & Shijie Zhou, 2018. "A Multiple Legs Inverter with Real Time–Reflected Load Detection Used in the Dynamic Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Liu, Guangming & Ouyang, Minggao & Lu, Languang & Li, Jianqiu & Hua, Jianfeng, 2015. "A highly accurate predictive-adaptive method for lithium-ion battery remaining discharge energy prediction in electric vehicle applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 297-314.
    8. Qiao Zhu & Neng Xiong & Ming-Liang Yang & Rui-Sen Huang & Guang-Di Hu, 2017. "State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Nonlinear Observer: An H ∞ Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
    9. Woo-Yong Kim & Pyeong-Yeon Lee & Jonghoon Kim & Kyung-Soo Kim, 2019. "A Nonlinear-Model-Based Observer for a State-of-Charge Estimation of a Lithium-Ion Battery in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Bizhong Xia & Haiqing Wang & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu & Yongzhi Lai, 2015. "A New Method for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Strong Tracking Cubature Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-15, November.
    11. Bizhong Xia & Wenhui Zheng & Ruifeng Zhang & Zizhou Lao & Zhen Sun, 2017. "A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-20, August.
    12. Xia, Bizhong & Chen, Chaoren & Tian, Yong & Wang, Mingwang & Sun, Wei & Xu, Zhihui, 2015. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on an improved parameter identification method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1426-1434.
    13. Zhihao Yu & Ruituo Huai & Linjing Xiao, 2015. "State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Kalman Filter Based on Local Linearization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-20, July.
    14. Linhui Zhao & Guohuang Ji & Zhiyuan Liu, 2017. "Design and Experiment of Nonlinear Observer with Adaptive Gains for Battery State of Charge Estimation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, December.
    15. Yong Tian & Bizhong Xia & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2014. "Comparison Study on Two Model-Based Adaptive Algorithms for SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-19, December.
    16. Chunning Song & Yu Zhang & Qijin Ling & Shaogeng Zheng, 2022. "Joint Estimation of SOC and SOH for Single-Flow Zinc–Nickel Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-16, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yong Tian & Bizhong Xia & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2014. "Comparison Study on Two Model-Based Adaptive Algorithms for SOC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Wang, Yujie & Tian, Jiaqiang & Sun, Zhendong & Wang, Li & Xu, Ruilong & Li, Mince & Chen, Zonghai, 2020. "A comprehensive review of battery modeling and state estimation approaches for advanced battery management systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    3. Shifei Yuan & Hongjie Wu & Xuerui Ma & Chengliang Yin, 2015. "Stability Analysis for Li-Ion Battery Model Parameters and State of Charge Estimation by Measurement Uncertainty Consideration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-23, July.
    4. Bizhong Xia & Haiqing Wang & Yong Tian & Mingwang Wang & Wei Sun & Zhihui Xu, 2015. "State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Adaptive Cubature Kalman Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-21, June.
    5. Avvari, G.V. & Pattipati, B. & Balasingam, B. & Pattipati, K.R. & Bar-Shalom, Y., 2015. "Experimental set-up and procedures to test and validate battery fuel gauge algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 404-418.
    6. Yang, Fangfang & Xing, Yinjiao & Wang, Dong & Tsui, Kwok-Leung, 2016. "A comparative study of three model-based algorithms for estimating state-of-charge of lithium-ion batteries under a new combined dynamic loading profile," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 387-399.
    7. Oh, Ki-Yong & Epureanu, Bogdan I., 2016. "Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 633-646.
    8. Ingvild B. Espedal & Asanthi Jinasena & Odne S. Burheim & Jacob J. Lamb, 2021. "Current Trends for State-of-Charge (SoC) Estimation in Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
    9. Zheng, Fangdan & Xing, Yinjiao & Jiang, Jiuchun & Sun, Bingxiang & Kim, Jonghoon & Pecht, Michael, 2016. "Influence of different open circuit voltage tests on state of charge online estimation for lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 513-525.
    10. Wang, Jianfeng & Zuo, Zhiwen & Wei, Yili & Jia, Yongkai & Chen, Bowei & Li, Yuhan & Yang, Na, 2024. "State of charge estimation of lithium-ion battery based on GA-LSTM and improved IAKF," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    11. Hu, Lin & Hu, Xiaosong & Che, Yunhong & Feng, Fei & Lin, Xianke & Zhang, Zhiyong, 2020. "Reliable state of charge estimation of battery packs using fuzzy adaptive federated filtering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    12. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai, 2014. "A method for joint estimation of state-of-charge and available energy of LiFePO4 batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 81-87.
    13. Cuma, Mehmet Ugras & Koroglu, Tahsin, 2015. "A comprehensive review on estimation strategies used in hybrid and battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 517-531.
    14. Bizhong Xia & Wenhui Zheng & Ruifeng Zhang & Zizhou Lao & Zhen Sun, 2017. "A Novel Observer for Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation in Electric Vehicles Based on a Second-Order Equivalent Circuit Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-20, August.
    15. Fei Feng & Rengui Lu & Guo Wei & Chunbo Zhu, 2015. "Online Estimation of Model Parameters and State of Charge of LiFePO 4 Batteries Using a Novel Open-Circuit Voltage at Various Ambient Temperatures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-27, April.
    16. Zhao, Xiaowei & Cai, Yishan & Yang, Lin & Deng, Zhongwei & Qiang, Jiaxi, 2017. "State of charge estimation based on a new dual-polarization-resistance model for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 40-52.
    17. Zhong, Liang & Zhang, Chenbin & He, Yao & Chen, Zonghai, 2014. "A method for the estimation of the battery pack state of charge based on in-pack cells uniformity analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 558-564.
    18. Tian, Yong & Lai, Rucong & Li, Xiaoyu & Xiang, Lijuan & Tian, Jindong, 2020. "A combined method for state-of-charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries using a long short-term memory network and an adaptive cubature Kalman filter," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    19. Wang, Yujie & Zhang, Chenbin & Chen, Zonghai, 2015. "A method for state-of-charge estimation of Li-ion batteries based on multi-model switching strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 427-434.
    20. Yin Hua & Min Xu & Mian Li & Chengbin Ma & Chen Zhao, 2015. "Estimation of State of Charge for Two Types of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Nonlinear Predictive Filter for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:7:y:2014:i:9:p:5995-6012:d:40067. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.