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Modeling shared autonomous electric vehicles: Potential for transport and power grid integration

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  • Iacobucci, Riccardo
  • McLellan, Benjamin
  • Tezuka, Tetsuo

Abstract

One-way car-sharing systems are becoming increasingly popular, and the introduction of autonomous vehicles could make these systems even more widespread. Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles could also allow for more controllable charging compared to private electric vehicles, allowing large scale demand response and providing essential ancillary services to the electric grid. In this work, we develop a simulation methodology for evaluating a Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicle system interacting with passengers and charging at designated charging stations using a heuristic-based charging strategy. The influence of fleet size is studied in terms of transport service quality and break-even prices for the system. We test the potential of the system to supply operating reserve by formulating an optimization problem for the optimal deployment of vehicles during a grid operator request. The results of the simulations for the case study of Tokyo show that a fleet of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles would only need to be about 10%–14% of a fleet of private cars providing a comparable level of transport service, with low break-even prices. Moreover, we show that the system can provide operating reserve under several operational conditions even at peak transport demand without significant disruption to transport service.

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  • Iacobucci, Riccardo & McLellan, Benjamin & Tezuka, Tetsuo, 2018. "Modeling shared autonomous electric vehicles: Potential for transport and power grid integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 148-163.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:158:y:2018:i:c:p:148-163
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.06.024
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    4. Riccardo Iacobucci & Benjamin McLellan & Tetsuo Tezuka, 2018. "The Synergies of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Renewable Energy in a Virtual Power Plant and Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-20, August.
    5. Phan, Duong & Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza & Lai, Chow Yin & Crawford, Bryn & Hoseinnezhad, Reza & Jazar, Reza N. & Khayyam, Hamid, 2020. "Intelligent energy management system for conventional autonomous vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    6. Sumitkumar, Rathor & Al-Sumaiti, Ameena Saad, 2024. "Shared autonomous electric vehicle: Towards social economy of energy and mobility from power-transportation nexus perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    7. Xiaolin Chu & Yuntian Ge & Xue Zhou & Lin Li & Dong Yang, 2020. "Modeling and Analysis of Electric Vehicle-Power Grid-Manufacturing Facility (EPM) Energy Sharing System under Time-of-Use Electricity Tariff," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-27, June.
    8. Riccardo Iacobucci & Raffaele Bruno & Jan-Dirk Schmöcker, 2021. "An Integrated Optimisation-Simulation Framework for Scalable Smart Charging and Relocation of Shared Autonomous Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    9. Mohammed Obaid & Arpad Torok & Jairo Ortega, 2021. "A Comprehensive Emissions Model Combining Autonomous Vehicles with Park and Ride and Electric Vehicle Transportation Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, April.
    10. Li, Danyang & Chen, Wenying, 2019. "TIMES modeling of the large-scale popularization of electric vehicles under the worldwide prohibition of liquid vehicle sales," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    11. Kang, Di & Levin, Michael W., 2021. "Maximum-stability dispatch policy for shared autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 132-151.
    12. Chi Feng & Zhenyu Mei, 2023. "Optimization of Shared Autonomous Vehicles Routing Problem: From the View of Parking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-17, August.
    13. Lai, Kexing & Chen, Tao & Natarajan, Balasubramaniam, 2020. "Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles car-sharing service with multi-temporal and multi-task operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    14. Li, Yanning & Li, Xinwei & Jenn, Alan, 2022. "Evaluating the emission benefits of shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: A case study in California," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    15. Tian, Jingjing & Jia, Hongfei & Wang, Guanfeng & Huang, Qiuyang & Wu, Ruiyi & Gao, Heyao & Liu, Chao, 2024. "Integrated optimization of charging infrastructure, fleet size and vehicle operation in shared autonomous electric vehicle system considering vehicle-to-grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    16. Lu, Xiaonong & Zhang, Qiang & Peng, Zhanglin & Shao, Zhen & Song, Hao & Wang, Wanying, 2020. "Charging and relocating optimization for electric vehicle car-sharing: An event-based strategy improvement approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    17. Lei Zhu & Zhouqiao Zhao & Guoyuan Wu, 2021. "Shared Automated Mobility with Demand-Side Cooperation: A Proof-of-Concept Microsimulation Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, February.
    18. Ghulam E Mustafa Abro & Saiful Azrin B. M. Zulkifli & Kundan Kumar & Najib El Ouanjli & Vijanth Sagayan Asirvadam & Mahmoud A. Mossa, 2023. "Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Battery Technology, Propulsion, Power Interfaces, and Vehicle Network Systems for Intelligent Autonomous and Connected Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-31, March.
    19. Liao, Zitong & Taiebat, Morteza & Xu, Ming, 2021. "Shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets with vehicle-to-grid capability: Economic viability and environmental co-benefits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    20. Wu, Min & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2023. "Initial trust formation on shared autonomous vehicles: Exploring the effects of personality-, transfer- and performance-based stimuli," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).

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