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A study on scaled up proton exchange membrane fuel cell with various flow channels for optimizing power output by effective water management using numerical technique

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  • Arun Saco, S.
  • Thundil Karuppa Raj, R.
  • Karthikeyan, P.

Abstract

Water management in a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is of great concern for effective cell performance. Existing studies for scaled up model of PEMFC are limited only to experimental work where effective water management with respect to flow channels are very few, time consuming and less economical. In this connection, an extensive numerical study is carried out for optimizing the flow channels with respect to optimal pressure drop and water management for the scaled up model (225 cm2) of PEMFC which is a novel approach in the field of PEMFC. This numerical study involves four different configurations of flow channels. In the first configuration, predominantly existing serpentine parallel flow channel for 25 cm2 is extended to 225 cm2 cross-sectional area. Serpentine zig-zag, straight parallel and straight zig-zag are the other three flow channels considered respectively in this study. The three dimensional flow through the PEMFC is simulated by solving the governing principles namely mass, momentum, energy, species and electro-chemical equations. It is found that the power density developed by straight flow channel with zig-zag flow path is 0.3758 W/cm2 and is the maximum of the configurations considered and this is due to effective water management with minimal pressure drop.

Suggested Citation

  • Arun Saco, S. & Thundil Karuppa Raj, R. & Karthikeyan, P., 2016. "A study on scaled up proton exchange membrane fuel cell with various flow channels for optimizing power output by effective water management using numerical technique," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 558-573.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:113:y:2016:i:c:p:558-573
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.079
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nastasi, Benedetto & Lo Basso, Gianluigi, 2016. "Hydrogen to link heat and electricity in the transition towards future Smart Energy Systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 5-22.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Kyunghyun & Kim, Jaeyeon & Choi, Heesoo & Kwon, Obeen & Jang, Yujae & Ryu, Sangbong & Lee, Heeyun & Shim, Kyuhwan & Park, Taehyun & Cha, Suk Won, 2023. "Pre-diagnosis of flooding and drying in proton exchange membrane fuel cells by bagging ensemble deep learning models using long short-term memory and convolutional neural networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    2. Li, Yuehua & Pei, Pucheng & Ma, Ze & Ren, Peng & Wu, Ziyao & Chen, Dongfang & Huang, Hao, 2019. "Characteristic analysis in lowering current density based on pressure drop for avoiding flooding in proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 321-329.
    3. Iranzo, Alfredo & Boillat, Pierre, 2018. "CFD simulation of the transient gas transport in a PEM fuel cell cathode during AC impedance testing considering liquid water effects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 449-457.
    4. Mohammadi-Ahmar, Akbar & Solati, Ali & Osanloo, Behzad & Hatami, Mohammad, 2017. "Effect of number and arrangement of separator electrode assembly (SEA) on the performance of square tubular PEM fuel cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 302-313.
    5. Ashrafi, Moosa & Kanani, Homayoon & Shams, Mehrzad, 2018. "Numerical and experimental study of two-phase flow uniformity in channels of parallel PEM fuel cells with modified Z-type flow-fields," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 317-328.
    6. Rocha, C. & Knöri, T. & Ribeirinha, P. & Gazdzicki, P., 2024. "A review on flow field design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Challenges to increase the active area for MW applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    7. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Jian, Qifei & Cheng, Zongyi, 2022. "Performance improvement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack by dual-path hydrogen supply," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    8. Yin, Cong & Song, Yating & Liu, Meiru & Gao, Yan & Li, Kai & Qiao, Zemin & Tang, Hao, 2022. "Investigation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack with inversely phased wavy flow field design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    9. Suprava Chakraborty & Devaraj Elangovan & Karthikeyan Palaniswamy & Ashley Fly & Dineshkumar Ravi & Denis Ashok Sathia Seelan & Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal, 2022. "A Review on the Numerical Studies on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow Channel Designs for Automotive Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-21, December.
    10. Cha, Dowon & Jeon, Seung Won & Yang, Wonseok & Kim, Dongwoo & Kim, Yongchan, 2018. "Comparative performance evaluation of self-humidifying PEMFCs with short-side-chain and long-side-chain membranes under various operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 320-328.
    11. Chowdhury, Mohammad Ziauddin & Timurkutluk, Bora, 2018. "Transport phenomena of convergent and divergent serpentine flow fields for PEMFC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 104-117.
    12. Yao, Ling & Wang, Feng & Wang, Long & Wang, Guoqiang, 2019. "Transport enhancement study on small-scale methanol steam reforming reactor with waste heat recovery for hydrogen production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 986-997.
    13. Prithvi Raj Pedapati & Shankar Raman Dhanushkodi & Ramesh Kumar Chidambaram & Dawid Taler & Tomasz Sobota & Jan Taler, 2024. "Design and Manufacturing Challenges in PEMFC Flow Fields—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-34, July.
    14. Do, Kyu Hyung & Kim, Taehoon & Han, Yong-Shik & Choi, Byung-Il & Kim, Myungbae, 2017. "Investigation on flow distribution of the fuel supply nozzle in the annular combustor of a micro gas turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 361-373.
    15. Margherita Bulgarini & Augusto Della Torre & Andrea Baricci & Amedeo Grimaldi & Luca Marocco & Riccardo Mereu & Gianluca Montenegro & Angelo Onorati, 2024. "Computational Fluid Dynamic Investigation of Local Flow-Field Conditions in Lab Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells to Identify Degradation Stressors and Performance Enhancers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-27, July.
    16. Vu, Hoang Nghia & Truong Le Tri, Dat & Nguyen, Huu Linh & Kim, Younghyeon & Yu, Sangseok, 2023. "Multifunctional bypass valve for water management and surge protection in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell supply-air system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    17. Lai, Xiaotian & Long, Rui & Liu, Zhichun & Liu, Wei, 2018. "A hybrid system using direct contact membrane distillation for water production to harvest waste heat from the proton exchange membrane fuel cell," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 578-586.
    18. Huo, Sen & Cooper, Nathanial James & Smith, Travis Lee & Park, Jae Wan & Jiao, Kui, 2017. "Experimental investigation on PEM fuel cell cold start behavior containing porous metal foam as cathode flow distributor," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 101-114.
    19. Xiong, Kangning & Wu, Wei & Wang, Shuangfeng & Zhang, Lin, 2021. "Modeling, design, materials and fabrication of bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    20. Cai, Yonghua & Fang, Zhou & Chen, Ben & Yang, Tianqi & Tu, Zhengkai, 2018. "Numerical study on a novel 3D cathode flow field and evaluation criteria for the PEM fuel cell design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 28-37.
    21. Giacoppo, Giosuè & Hovland, Scott & Barbera, Orazio, 2019. "2 kW Modular PEM fuel cell stack for space applications: Development and test for operation under relevant conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1683-1696.

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