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Preparation, characterization and optimization for upgrading Leucaena leucocephala bark to biochar fuel with high energy yielding

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  • Anupam, Kumar
  • Sharma, Arvind Kumar
  • Lal, Priti Shivhare
  • Dutta, Suman
  • Maity, Sudip

Abstract

Biochar fuel (CH0.50O0.19N0.06) was prepared from Leucaena leucocephala bark (CH2.80O0.53N0.03) through the slow pyrolysis process adopting design of experiments technique. Modelling and optimization of the slow pyrolysis process was respectively carried out implementing five level central composite design and numerical technique under response surface methodology. Pyrolysis temperature and time were taken as independent parameters while biochar fuel yield, bulk density, higher heating value, energy density and energy yield were chosen as dependent parameters. The optimal pyrolysis temperature and time were estimated to be 367.47 °C and 135.38 min respectively. These optimum values of temperature and time gave biochar yield 47.29%, bulk density 319.73 kg/m3, higher heating value 23.30 MJ/kg, energy density 1.21, and energy yield 56.55%. The developed quadratic models were checked using ANOVA (analysis of variance) technique for their validity and degree of fitness. The high values of ‘Adequate precision’,R2 and its negligible difference with ‘AdjustedR2’ as well as ‘PredictedR2’ for each model indicated that the fitted empirical models can be used for prediction with reasonable precision. The quadratic models revealed strong interaction between pyrolysis temperature and time towards preparation of biochar fuel. It was further observed that desirability of pyrolysis temperature (0.91) is more than pyrolysis time (0.63). Comparison of Van Krevelen diagram of present biochar fuel with several other biochar fuels and coals showed that prepared biochar has better fuel properties in comparison to raw bark.

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  • Anupam, Kumar & Sharma, Arvind Kumar & Lal, Priti Shivhare & Dutta, Suman & Maity, Sudip, 2016. "Preparation, characterization and optimization for upgrading Leucaena leucocephala bark to biochar fuel with high energy yielding," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 743-756.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:106:y:2016:i:c:p:743-756
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.100
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    3. Silva, F.T.M. & Ataíde, C.H., 2019. "Valorization of eucalyptus urograndis wood via carbonization: Product yields and characterization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 509-516.
    4. Chen, Congjin & Zhu, Jingxian & Jia, Shuang & Mi, Shuai & Tong, Zhangfa & Li, Zhixia & Li, Mingfei & Zhang, Yanjuan & Hu, Yuhua & Huang, Zuqiang, 2018. "Effect of ethanol on Mulberry bark hydrothermal liquefaction and bio-oil chemical compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 460-475.
    5. Samal, Biswajit & Vanapalli, Kumar Raja & Dubey, Brajesh Kumar & Bhattacharya, Jayanta & Chandra, Subhash & Medha, Isha, 2021. "Influence of process parameters on thermal characteristics of char from co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus biomass and polystyrene: Its prospects as a solid fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    6. Govindarajan Venkatesh & Kodigal A. Gopinath & Kotha Sammi Reddy & Baddigam Sanjeeva Reddy & Mathyam Prabhakar & Cherukumalli Srinivasarao & Venugopalan Visha Kumari & Vinod Kumar Singh, 2022. "Characterization of Biochar Derived from Crop Residues for Soil Amendment, Carbon Sequestration and Energy Use," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    7. Umut Şen & Bruno Esteves & Helena Pereira, 2023. "Pyrolysis and Extraction of Bark in a Biorefineries Context: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    8. Sher, Farooq & Pans, Miguel A. & Afilaka, Daniel T. & Sun, Chenggong & Liu, Hao, 2017. "Experimental investigation of woody and non-woody biomass combustion in a bubbling fluidised bed combustor focusing on gaseous emissions and temperature profiles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2069-2080.
    9. Nallagatla Vinod Kumar & Gajanan L. Sawargaonkar & C. Sudha Rani & Ajay Singh & T. Ram Prakash & S. Triveni & Prasad J. Kamdi & Rajesh Pasumarthi & Rayapati Karthik & Bathula Venkatesh, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Pigeonpea Stalk Biochar Characteristics and Energy Use under Different Biochar Production Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, September.
    10. Ilaria Zambon & Fabrizio Colosimo & Danilo Monarca & Massimo Cecchini & Francesco Gallucci & Andrea Rosario Proto & Richard Lord & Andrea Colantoni, 2016. "An Innovative Agro-Forestry Supply Chain for Residual Biomass: Physicochemical Characterisation of Biochar from Olive and Hazelnut Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-11, July.
    11. Kutlu, O. & Kocar, G., 2020. "Improving stability of torrefied biomass at cooling stage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 814-823.
    12. Huang, Yu-Fong & Cheng, Pei-Hsin & Chiueh, Pei-Te & Lo, Shang-Lien, 2017. "Leucaena biochar produced by microwave torrefaction: Fuel properties and energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1018-1025.

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