IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v16y2023i13p4848-d1176218.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Pyrolysis and Extraction of Bark in a Biorefineries Context: A Critical Review

Author

Listed:
  • Umut Şen

    (Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Bruno Esteves

    (CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal)

  • Helena Pereira

    (Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

Bark-based biorefineries are estimated to become a trending topic in the coming years, particularly with their adsorbent applications and antioxidant production. While the potential benefits of bark-based biorefineries are well-recognized, it is not known how to develop a bark-based biorefinery considering different unit operations and the potential end products. The characterization and screening of different barks for chemical composition is the initial step in biorefinery development, along with the selection of the relevant conversion processes. This state-of-the-art review provides background knowledge on the pyrolysis and extraction studies of bark as the key conversion operations. The results of recent (2010–2022) bark pyrolysis and extraction studies were critically analyzed for process conditions, product properties, and product yields, as well as a discussion of energy-saving possibilities. A biorefinery scheme was proposed based on these data. The current knowledge gaps were identified and future directions were evaluated, which include the production of charcoals, platform chemicals, and extract profiling for specific applications. The results indicate that barks are particularly rich in hydrophilic extractives with potential antioxidant properties and pyrolysis operations, resulting in functional chars that may be used in value-added applications as adsorbent materials. A biorefinery scheme allows for the production of platform chemicals, antioxidant extracts and biochars from barks while contributing to the reduction of waste and environmental pollution.

Suggested Citation

  • Umut Şen & Bruno Esteves & Helena Pereira, 2023. "Pyrolysis and Extraction of Bark in a Biorefineries Context: A Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-23, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4848-:d:1176218
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4848/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/13/4848/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Arteaga-Pérez, Luis E. & Segura, Cristina & Bustamante-García, Verónica & Gómez Cápiro, Oscar & Jiménez, Romel, 2015. "Torrefaction of wood and bark from Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens: Focus on volatile evolution vs feasible temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 1731-1741.
    2. Safar, Michal & Lin, Bo-Jhih & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Langauer, David & Chang, Jo-Shu & Raclavska, H. & Pétrissans, Anélie & Rousset, Patrick & Pétrissans, Mathieu, 2019. "Catalytic effects of potassium on biomass pyrolysis, combustion and torrefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 346-355.
    3. Zhang, Zhikun & Zhu, Zongyuan & Shen, Boxiong & Liu, Lina, 2019. "Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 581-598.
    4. Prins, Mark J. & Ptasinski, Krzysztof J. & Janssen, Frans J.J.G., 2006. "More efficient biomass gasification via torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(15), pages 3458-3470.
    5. Wilk, Małgorzata & Magdziarz, Aneta & Kalemba-Rec, Izabela & Szymańska-Chargot, Monika, 2020. "Upgrading of green waste into carbon-rich solid biofuel by hydrothermal carbonization: The effect of process parameters on hydrochar derived from acacia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    6. Elena Butnaru & Mihai Brebu, 2022. "The Thermochemical Conversion of Forestry Residues from Silver Fir ( Abies alba Mill.) by Torrefaction and Pyrolysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Anupam, Kumar & Sharma, Arvind Kumar & Lal, Priti Shivhare & Dutta, Suman & Maity, Sudip, 2016. "Preparation, characterization and optimization for upgrading Leucaena leucocephala bark to biochar fuel with high energy yielding," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 743-756.
    8. Adams, P.W.R. & Shirley, J.E.J. & McManus, M.C., 2015. "Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 367-380.
    9. Niu, Yanqing & Lv, Yuan & Lei, Yu & Liu, Siqi & Liang, Yang & Wang, Denghui & Hui, Shi'en, 2019. "Biomass torrefaction: properties, applications, challenges, and economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    10. Mahmood, Nubla & Yuan, Zhongshun & Schmidt, John & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2016. "Depolymerization of lignins and their applications for the preparation of polyols and rigid polyurethane foams: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 317-329.
    11. Wang, Tengfei & Zhai, Yunbo & Zhu, Yun & Li, Caiting & Zeng, Guangming, 2018. "A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: Process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 223-247.
    12. Wang, L. & Barta-Rajnai, E. & Skreiberg, Ø. & Khalil, R. & Czégény, Z. & Jakab, E. & Barta, Z. & Grønli, M., 2018. "Effect of torrefaction on physiochemical characteristics and grindability of stem wood, stump and bark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 137-148.
    13. Bandara, Yasas Wishvajith & Gamage, Pringa & Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali, 2020. "Hot water washing of rice husk for ash removal: The effect of washing temperature, washing time and particle size," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 646-652.
    14. Erlach, B. & Harder, B. & Tsatsaronis, G., 2012. "Combined hydrothermal carbonization and gasification of biomass with carbon capture," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 329-338.
    15. Gao, Ying & Wang, Xianhua & Wang, Jun & Li, Xiangpeng & Cheng, Jianjun & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2013. "Effect of residence time on chemical and structural properties of hydrochar obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of water hyacinth," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 376-383.
    16. Nees Jan Eck & Ludo Waltman, 2010. "Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 84(2), pages 523-538, August.
    17. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    18. Gao, Pin & Zhou, Yiyuan & Meng, Fang & Zhang, Yihui & Liu, Zhenhong & Zhang, Wenqi & Xue, Gang, 2016. "Preparation and characterization of hydrochar from waste eucalyptus bark by hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 238-245.
    19. Cherubini, Francesco & Bargigli, Silvia & Ulgiati, Sergio, 2009. "Life cycle assessment (LCA) of waste management strategies: Landfilling, sorting plant and incineration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2116-2123.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Niu, Qi & Ronsse, Frederik & Qi, Zhiyong & Zhang, Dongdong, 2022. "Fast torrefaction of large biomass particles by superheated steam: Enhanced solid products for multipurpose production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 552-563.
    2. Azzaz, Ahmed Amine & Khiari, Besma & Jellali, Salah & Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2020. "Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    3. Abdulyekeen, Kabir Abogunde & Umar, Ahmad Abulfathi & Patah, Muhamad Fazly Abdul & Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan, 2021. "Torrefaction of biomass: Production of enhanced solid biofuel from municipal solid waste and other types of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    4. Hatem Abushammala & Muhammad Adil Masood & Salma Taqi Ghulam & Jia Mao, 2023. "On the Conversion of Paper Waste and Rejects into High-Value Materials and Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-21, April.
    5. Zhuang, Xiuzheng & Liu, Jianguo & Zhang, Qi & Wang, Chenguang & Zhan, Hao & Ma, Longlong, 2022. "A review on the utilization of industrial biowaste via hydrothermal carbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    6. Yan, Mi & Liu, Yu & Song, Yucai & Xu, Aiming & Zhu, Gaojun & Jiang, Jiahao & Hantoko, Dwi, 2022. "Comprehensive experimental study on energy conversion of household kitchen waste via integrated hydrothermal carbonization and supercritical water gasification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    7. Wang, Tengfei & Zhai, Yunbo & Zhu, Yun & Li, Caiting & Zeng, Guangming, 2018. "A review of the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste for hydrochar formation: Process conditions, fundamentals, and physicochemical properties," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 223-247.
    8. Yuchiao Lu & Hanmin Yang & Andrey V. Karasev & Chuan Wang & Pär G. Jönsson, 2022. "Applications of Hydrochar and Charcoal in the Iron and Steelmaking Industry—Part 1: Characterization of Carbonaceous Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-27, August.
    9. Ma, Peiyong & Yang, Jing & Xing, Xianjun & Weihrich, Sebastian & Fan, Fangyu & Zhang, Xianwen, 2017. "Isoconversional kinetics and characteristics of combustion on hydrothermally treated biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1069-1076.
    10. Li, Shuangjun & Yuan, Xiangzhou & Deng, Shuai & Zhao, Li & Lee, Ki Bong, 2021. "A review on biomass-derived CO2 adsorption capture: Adsorbent, adsorber, adsorption, and advice," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    11. Liu, Tianyu & Wen, Chang & Li, Changkang & Yan, Kai & Li, Rui & Jing, Zhenqi & Zhang, Bohan & Ma, Jingjing, 2022. "Integrated water washing and carbonization pretreatment of typical herbaceous and woody biomass: Fuel properties, combustion behaviors, and techno-economic assessments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 218-233.
    12. Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Yu, Kai Ling & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Pillejera, Ma Katreena & Bi, Xiaotao & Tran, Khanh-Quang & Pétrissans, Anelie & Pétrissans, Mathieu, 2021. "Variation of lignocellulosic biomass structure from torrefaction: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    13. Chen, Congjin & Zhu, Jingxian & Jia, Shuang & Mi, Shuai & Tong, Zhangfa & Li, Zhixia & Li, Mingfei & Zhang, Yanjuan & Hu, Yuhua & Huang, Zuqiang, 2018. "Effect of ethanol on Mulberry bark hydrothermal liquefaction and bio-oil chemical compositions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 460-475.
    14. Kumar, Mayank & Olajire Oyedun, Adetoyese & Kumar, Amit, 2018. "A review on the current status of various hydrothermal technologies on biomass feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1742-1770.
    15. Chai, Meiyun & Xie, Li & Yu, Xi & Zhang, Xingguang & Yang, Yang & Rahman, Md. Maksudur & Blanco, Paula H. & Liu, Ronghou & Bridgwater, Anthony V. & Cai, Junmeng, 2021. "Poplar wood torrefaction: Kinetics, thermochemistry and implications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    16. Zhang, Chaoyue & Ma, Xiaoqian & Chen, Xinfei & Tian, Yunlong & Zhou, Yi & Lu, Xiaoluan & Huang, Tao, 2020. "Conversion of water hyacinth to value-added fuel via hydrothermal carbonization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    17. Sui, Haiqing & Chen, Jianfeng & Cheng, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Hu, Junhao & Jiang, Hao & Shao, Jing'ai & Chen, Hanping, 2024. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on fuel and pelletizing properties of agricultural biomass in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    18. Tiago Teribele & Maria Elizabeth Gemaque Costa & Conceição de Maria Sales da Silva & Lia Martins Pereira & Lucas Pinto Bernar & Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro & Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção & Mar, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover: Structural Evolution of Hydro-Char and Degradation Kinetics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, April.
    19. Zhang, Zhikun & Zhu, Zongyuan & Shen, Boxiong & Liu, Lina, 2019. "Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 581-598.
    20. Śliz, Maciej & Wilk, Małgorzata, 2020. "A comprehensive investigation of hydrothermal carbonization: Energy potential of hydrochar derived from Virginia mallow," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 942-950.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:13:p:4848-:d:1176218. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.