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A comprehensive review on sub-zero temperature cold thermal energy storage materials, technologies, and applications: State of the art and recent developments

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  • Yang, Lizhong
  • Villalobos, Uver
  • Akhmetov, Bakytzhan
  • Gil, Antoni
  • Khor, Jun Onn
  • Palacios, Anabel
  • Li, Yongliang
  • Ding, Yulong
  • Cabeza, Luisa F.
  • Tan, Wooi Leong
  • Romagnoli, Alessandro

Abstract

The energy industry needs to take action against climate change by improving efficiency and increasing the share of renewable sources in the energy mix. On top of that, refrigeration, air-conditioning, and heat pump equipment account for 25–30% of the global electricity consumption and will increase dramatically in the next decades. However, some waste cold energy sources have not been fully used. These challenges triggered an interest in developing the concept of cold thermal energy storage, which can be used to recover the waste cold energy, enhance the performance of refrigeration systems, and improve renewable energy integration. This paper comprehensively reviews the research activities about cold thermal energy storage technologies at sub-zero temperatures (from around −270 °C to below 0 °C). A wide range of existing and potential storage materials are tabulated with their properties. Numerical and experimental work conducted for different storage types is systematically summarized. Current and potential applications of cold thermal energy storage are analyzed with their suitable materials and compatible storage types. Selection criteria of materials and storage types are also presented. This review aims to provide a quick reference for researchers and industry experts in designing cold thermal energy systems. Moreover, by identifying the research gaps where further efforts are needed, the review also outlines the progress and potential development directions of cold thermal energy storage technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Lizhong & Villalobos, Uver & Akhmetov, Bakytzhan & Gil, Antoni & Khor, Jun Onn & Palacios, Anabel & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong & Cabeza, Luisa F. & Tan, Wooi Leong & Romagnoli, Alessandro, 2021. "A comprehensive review on sub-zero temperature cold thermal energy storage materials, technologies, and applications: State of the art and recent developments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:288:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921001033
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116555
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    5. Xinchen Zhou & Xiang Xu & Jiping Huang, 2023. "Adaptive multi-temperature control for transport and storage containers enabled by phase-change materials," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    6. Rocha, Thiago Torres Martins & Teggar, Mohamed & Trevizoli, Paulo Vinicius & de Oliveira, Raphael Nunes, 2023. "Potential of latent thermal energy storage for performance improvement in small-scale refrigeration units: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
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    8. Rajendran Prabakaran & Palanisamy Dhamodharan & Anbalagan Sathishkumar & Paride Gullo & Muthuraman Ponrajan Vikram & Saravanan Pandiaraj & Abdullah Alodhayb & Ghada A. Khouqeer & Sung-Chul Kim, 2023. "An Overview of the State of the Art and Challenges in the Use of Gelling and Thickening Agents to Create Stable Thermal Energy Storage Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-24, April.

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