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Comparison of multi-mode hybrid powertrains with multiple planetary gears

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  • Zhuang, Weichao
  • Zhang, Xiaowu
  • Ding, Yang
  • Wang, Liangmo
  • Hu, Xiaosong

Abstract

Most hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) currently sold are power-split HEVs that use single, double or occasionally even multiple planetary gear (PG) sets to connect their powertrain elements. Adding PG sets can provide more design flexibility; however, it also increases system complexity and cost. This paper presents a comparative study of hybrid powertrains with different numbers of PG sets, which we term configurations. The analysis of different configuration types is investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative analysis, the performances of operating modes for different configurations are compared, in terms of mode number, normalized efficiency, and maximum output torque. The quantitative approach compares the designs of different configurations; the fuel economy and acceleration performance of all superior designs are evaluated to make the comparison iconic. The results show that triple-PG hybrids do not have significant fuel economy improvement compared with double-PG hybrids, but they achieve a dramatic improvement in acceleration performance; this can be beneficial for sport utility vehicles (SUVs), light trucks, and buses. For cost consideration, it is suggested that passenger cars adopt double-PG hybrid powertrains.

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  • Zhuang, Weichao & Zhang, Xiaowu & Ding, Yang & Wang, Liangmo & Hu, Xiaosong, 2016. "Comparison of multi-mode hybrid powertrains with multiple planetary gears," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 624-632.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:178:y:2016:i:c:p:624-632
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.111
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    Cited by:

    1. Wenjian Yang & Yongtao Li & Rongjiang Cui & Hongmei Kang, 2023. "A New Tree Graph Method for Synthesizing Planetary Gear Trains of Vehicle Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-27, October.
    2. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Computationally efficient evaluation of fuel and electrical energy economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with smooth driving constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    3. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe & Biswas, Atriya & Belingardi, Giovanni & Emadi, Ali, 2020. "Rapid assessment of the fuel economy capability of parallel and series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    4. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2019. "Optimal sizing and adaptive energy management of a novel four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    5. Zhuang, Weichao & Zhang, Xiaowu & Li, Daofei & Wang, Liangmo & Yin, Guodong, 2017. "Mode shift map design and integrated energy management control of a multi-mode hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 476-488.
    6. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2020. "Comparison of four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    7. Shi, Dehua & Pisu, Pierluigi & Chen, Long & Wang, Shaohua & Wang, Renguang, 2016. "Control design and fuel economy investigation of power split HEV with energy regeneration of suspension," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 576-589.
    8. Rajput, Daizy & Herreros, Jose M. & Innocente, Mauro S. & Bryans, Jeremy & Schaub, Joschka & Dizqah, Arash M., 2022. "Impact of the number of planetary gears on the energy efficiency of electrified powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    9. Qin, Zhaobo & Luo, Yugong & Zhuang, Weichao & Pan, Ziheng & Li, Keqiang & Peng, Huei, 2018. "Simultaneous optimization of topology, control and size for multi-mode hybrid tracked vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1627-1641.
    10. Wu, Wei & Luo, Junlin & Zou, Tiangang & Liu, Yin & Yuan, Shihua & Xiao, Bingqing, 2022. "Systematic design and power management of a novel parallel hybrid electric powertrain for heavy-duty vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    11. Wenjian Yang & Changping Li, 2022. "Symmetry Detection and Topological Synthesis of Mechanisms of Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    12. Aroua, Ayoub & Lhomme, Walter & Redondo-Iglesias, Eduardo & Verbelen, Florian, 2022. "Fuel saving potential of a long haul heavy duty vehicle equipped with an electrical variable transmission," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    13. Cai, Y. & Ouyang, M.G. & Yang, F., 2017. "Impact of power split configurations on fuel consumption and battery degradation in plug-in hybrid electric city buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 257-269.
    14. Yu, Wei & Wang, Ruochen, 2019. "Development and performance evaluation of a comprehensive automotive energy recovery system with a refined energy management strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    15. He, Guolin & Ding, Kang & Wu, Xiaomeng & Yang, Xiaoqing, 2019. "Dynamics modeling and vibration modulation signal analysis of wind turbine planetary gearbox with a floating sun gear," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 718-729.
    16. Laura Tribioli, 2017. "Energy-Based Design of Powertrain for a Re-Engineered Post-Transmission Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-22, July.
    17. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Electrified powertrain sizing for vehicle fleets of car makers considering total ownership costs and CO2 emission legislation scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    18. Zhuang, Weichao & Li (Eben), Shengbo & Zhang, Xiaowu & Kum, Dongsuk & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Ju, Fei, 2020. "A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    19. Kun Huang & Changle Xiang & Yue Ma & Weida Wang & Reza Langari, 2017. "Mode Shift Control for a Hybrid Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Power-Split Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-18, February.
    20. Zhou, Xingyu & Qin, Datong & Hu, Jianjun, 2017. "Multi-objective optimization design and performance evaluation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1608-1625.
    21. Mayet, C. & Welles, J. & Bouscayrol, A. & Hofman, T. & Lemaire-Semail, B., 2019. "Influence of a CVT on the fuel consumption of a parallel medium-duty electric hybrid truck," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 120-129.

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