IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v178y2016icp624-632.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Comparison of multi-mode hybrid powertrains with multiple planetary gears

Author

Listed:
  • Zhuang, Weichao
  • Zhang, Xiaowu
  • Ding, Yang
  • Wang, Liangmo
  • Hu, Xiaosong

Abstract

Most hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) currently sold are power-split HEVs that use single, double or occasionally even multiple planetary gear (PG) sets to connect their powertrain elements. Adding PG sets can provide more design flexibility; however, it also increases system complexity and cost. This paper presents a comparative study of hybrid powertrains with different numbers of PG sets, which we term configurations. The analysis of different configuration types is investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. In the qualitative analysis, the performances of operating modes for different configurations are compared, in terms of mode number, normalized efficiency, and maximum output torque. The quantitative approach compares the designs of different configurations; the fuel economy and acceleration performance of all superior designs are evaluated to make the comparison iconic. The results show that triple-PG hybrids do not have significant fuel economy improvement compared with double-PG hybrids, but they achieve a dramatic improvement in acceleration performance; this can be beneficial for sport utility vehicles (SUVs), light trucks, and buses. For cost consideration, it is suggested that passenger cars adopt double-PG hybrid powertrains.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhuang, Weichao & Zhang, Xiaowu & Ding, Yang & Wang, Liangmo & Hu, Xiaosong, 2016. "Comparison of multi-mode hybrid powertrains with multiple planetary gears," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 624-632.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:178:y:2016:i:c:p:624-632
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.111
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626191630887X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.111?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Wu, Chien-Hsun, 2012. "An integrated optimization approach for a hybrid energy system in electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 479-490.
    2. Li, Liang & You, Sixiong & Yang, Chao & Yan, Bingjie & Song, Jian & Chen, Zheng, 2016. "Driving-behavior-aware stochastic model predictive control for plug-in hybrid electric buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 868-879.
    3. Trovão, João P. & Pereirinha, Paulo G. & Jorge, Humberto M. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler, 2013. "A multi-level energy management system for multi-source electric vehicles – An integrated rule-based meta-heuristic approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 304-318.
    4. Chen, Syuan-Yi & Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Wu, Chien-Hsun & Huang, Siang-Ting, 2015. "Optimal energy management of a hybrid electric powertrain system using improved particle swarm optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 132-145.
    5. Chen, Zheng & Xia, Bing & You, Chenwen & Mi, Chunting Chris, 2015. "A novel energy management method for series plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 172-179.
    6. Xu, Liangfei & Ouyang, Minggao & Li, Jianqiu & Yang, Fuyuan & Lu, Languang & Hua, Jianfeng, 2013. "Optimal sizing of plug-in fuel cell electric vehicles using models of vehicle performance and system cost," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 477-487.
    7. Yang, Yalian & Hu, Xiaosong & Pei, Huanxin & Peng, Zhiyuan, 2016. "Comparison of power-split and parallel hybrid powertrain architectures with a single electric machine: Dynamic programming approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 683-690.
    8. Tobias Nüesch & Philipp Elbert & Michael Flankl & Christopher Onder & Lino Guzzella, 2014. "Convex Optimization for the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Engine Start and Gearshift Costs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Cipek, Mihael & Pavković, Danijel & Petrić, Joško, 2013. "A control-oriented simulation model of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 121-133.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wenjian Yang & Yongtao Li & Rongjiang Cui & Hongmei Kang, 2023. "A New Tree Graph Method for Synthesizing Planetary Gear Trains of Vehicle Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-27, October.
    2. Zhuang, Weichao & Zhang, Xiaowu & Li, Daofei & Wang, Liangmo & Yin, Guodong, 2017. "Mode shift map design and integrated energy management control of a multi-mode hybrid electric vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 476-488.
    3. Shi, Dehua & Pisu, Pierluigi & Chen, Long & Wang, Shaohua & Wang, Renguang, 2016. "Control design and fuel economy investigation of power split HEV with energy regeneration of suspension," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 576-589.
    4. Qin, Zhaobo & Luo, Yugong & Zhuang, Weichao & Pan, Ziheng & Li, Keqiang & Peng, Huei, 2018. "Simultaneous optimization of topology, control and size for multi-mode hybrid tracked vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1627-1641.
    5. Wu, Wei & Luo, Junlin & Zou, Tiangang & Liu, Yin & Yuan, Shihua & Xiao, Bingqing, 2022. "Systematic design and power management of a novel parallel hybrid electric powertrain for heavy-duty vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    6. Aroua, Ayoub & Lhomme, Walter & Redondo-Iglesias, Eduardo & Verbelen, Florian, 2022. "Fuel saving potential of a long haul heavy duty vehicle equipped with an electrical variable transmission," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    7. Cai, Y. & Ouyang, M.G. & Yang, F., 2017. "Impact of power split configurations on fuel consumption and battery degradation in plug-in hybrid electric city buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 257-269.
    8. He, Guolin & Ding, Kang & Wu, Xiaomeng & Yang, Xiaoqing, 2019. "Dynamics modeling and vibration modulation signal analysis of wind turbine planetary gearbox with a floating sun gear," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 718-729.
    9. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Electrified powertrain sizing for vehicle fleets of car makers considering total ownership costs and CO2 emission legislation scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    10. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe, 2022. "Computationally efficient evaluation of fuel and electrical energy economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with smooth driving constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    11. Anselma, Pier Giuseppe & Biswas, Atriya & Belingardi, Giovanni & Emadi, Ali, 2020. "Rapid assessment of the fuel economy capability of parallel and series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    12. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2019. "Optimal sizing and adaptive energy management of a novel four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    13. Ju, Fei & Zhuang, Weichao & Wang, Liangmo & Zhang, Zhe, 2020. "Comparison of four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    14. Rajput, Daizy & Herreros, Jose M. & Innocente, Mauro S. & Bryans, Jeremy & Schaub, Joschka & Dizqah, Arash M., 2022. "Impact of the number of planetary gears on the energy efficiency of electrified powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    15. Wenjian Yang & Changping Li, 2022. "Symmetry Detection and Topological Synthesis of Mechanisms of Powertrains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    16. Yu, Wei & Wang, Ruochen, 2019. "Development and performance evaluation of a comprehensive automotive energy recovery system with a refined energy management strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    17. Laura Tribioli, 2017. "Energy-Based Design of Powertrain for a Re-Engineered Post-Transmission Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-22, July.
    18. Zhuang, Weichao & Li (Eben), Shengbo & Zhang, Xiaowu & Kum, Dongsuk & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Ju, Fei, 2020. "A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    19. Kun Huang & Changle Xiang & Yue Ma & Weida Wang & Reza Langari, 2017. "Mode Shift Control for a Hybrid Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Power-Split Transmission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-18, February.
    20. Zhou, Xingyu & Qin, Datong & Hu, Jianjun, 2017. "Multi-objective optimization design and performance evaluation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1608-1625.
    21. Mayet, C. & Welles, J. & Bouscayrol, A. & Hofman, T. & Lemaire-Semail, B., 2019. "Influence of a CVT on the fuel consumption of a parallel medium-duty electric hybrid truck," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 120-129.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hou, Cong & Ouyang, Minggao & Xu, Liangfei & Wang, Hewu, 2014. "Approximate Pontryagin’s minimum principle applied to the energy management of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 174-189.
    2. Qin, Zhaobo & Luo, Yugong & Zhuang, Weichao & Pan, Ziheng & Li, Keqiang & Peng, Huei, 2018. "Simultaneous optimization of topology, control and size for multi-mode hybrid tracked vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1627-1641.
    3. Fengqi Zhang & Lihua Wang & Serdar Coskun & Hui Pang & Yahui Cui & Junqiang Xi, 2020. "Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Review, Classification, Comparison, and Outlook," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-35, June.
    4. Zhuang, Weichao & Li (Eben), Shengbo & Zhang, Xiaowu & Kum, Dongsuk & Song, Ziyou & Yin, Guodong & Ju, Fei, 2020. "A survey of powertrain configuration studies on hybrid electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    5. Song, Ziyou & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Xu, Liangfei & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Hofmann, Heath, 2014. "Multi-objective optimization of a semi-active battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 212-224.
    6. Mayyas, Abdel Ra'ouf & Kumar, Sushil & Pisu, Pierluigi & Rios, Jacqueline & Jethani, Puneet, 2017. "Model-based design validation for advanced energy management strategies for electrified hybrid power trains using innovative vehicle hardware in the loop (VHIL) approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 287-302.
    7. Feroldi, Diego & Carignano, Mauro, 2016. "Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 645-658.
    8. Zhou, Xingyu & Qin, Datong & Hu, Jianjun, 2017. "Multi-objective optimization design and performance evaluation for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1608-1625.
    9. Verbelen, Florian & Lhomme, Walter & Vinot, Emmanuel & Stuyts, Jeroen & Vafaeipour, Majid & Hegazy, Omar & Stockman, Kurt & Sergeant, Peter, 2020. "Comparison of an optimized electrical variable transmission with the Toyota Hybrid System," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    10. Trovão, João P. & Silva, Mário A. & Antunes, Carlos Henggeler & Dubois, Maxime R., 2017. "Stability enhancement of the motor drive DC input voltage of an electric vehicle using on-board hybrid energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 244-259.
    11. Song, Ziyou & Hofmann, Heath & Li, Jianqiu & Han, Xuebing & Ouyang, Minggao, 2015. "Optimization for a hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles using dynamic programing approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 151-162.
    12. Yang, Yalian & Hu, Xiaosong & Pei, Huanxin & Peng, Zhiyuan, 2016. "Comparison of power-split and parallel hybrid powertrain architectures with a single electric machine: Dynamic programming approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 683-690.
    13. Shi, Dehua & Liu, Sheng & Cai, Yingfeng & Wang, Shaohua & Li, Haoran & Chen, Long, 2021. "Pontryagin’s minimum principle based fuzzy adaptive energy management for hybrid electric vehicle using real-time traffic information," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    14. Wang, Bin & Xu, Jun & Cao, Binggang & Ning, Bo, 2017. "Adaptive mode switch strategy based on simulated annealing optimization of a multi-mode hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 596-608.
    15. Du, Jiuyu & Chen, Jingfu & Song, Ziyou & Gao, Mingming & Ouyang, Minggao, 2017. "Design method of a power management strategy for variable battery capacities range-extended electric vehicles to improve energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 32-42.
    16. Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Tung, Yu-Ming & Chang, Chun-Hsin, 2016. "Optimal control of integrated energy management/mode switch timing in a three-power-source hybrid powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 184-196.
    17. Chaofeng Pan & Yanyan Liang & Long Chen & Liao Chen, 2019. "Optimal Control for Hybrid Energy Storage Electric Vehicle to Achieve Energy Saving Using Dynamic Programming Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-19, February.
    18. Jiajun Liu & Tianxu Jin & Li Liu & Yajue Chen & Kun Yuan, 2017. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid ESS Based on Optimal Energy Management Strategy for LHDs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-18, October.
    19. Zeyu Chen & Jiahuan Lu & Bo Liu & Nan Zhou & Shijie Li, 2020. "Optimal Energy Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Concerning the Entire Lifespan of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-15, May.
    20. Song, Ziyou & Li, Jianqiu & Hou, Jun & Hofmann, Heath & Ouyang, Minggao & Du, Jiuyu, 2018. "The battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle applications: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 433-441.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:178:y:2016:i:c:p:624-632. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.