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Simulation study on boil-off gas minimization and recovery strategies at LNG exporting terminals

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  • Kurle, Yogesh M.
  • Wang, Sujing
  • Xu, Qiang

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is becoming one of the prominent clean energy sources with its abundance, high calorific value, and low emission and price. Vapors generated from LNG due to heat leak are called boil-off gas (BOG). As world-wide LNG productions are in an increasingly growth, BOG generation and handling problems become more critical subject to more intense global competitions and stricter environmental regulations. In this study, typical C3-MR process, storage facilities, and loading facilities are modeled and simulated to study BOG generation at LNG exporting terminals, including LNG processing, storage, and berth loading areas. Factors causing BOG are presented, and quantities of BOG generated due to each factor at each location are calculated under different LNG temperatures. Various strategies to minimize, recover, and reuse BOG are also studied for their feasibility and energy requirements. The study would help proper handling of BOG problems in terms of minimizing flaring at LNG exporting terminals, and thus reducing waste, saving energy, and protecting surrounding environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Kurle, Yogesh M. & Wang, Sujing & Xu, Qiang, 2015. "Simulation study on boil-off gas minimization and recovery strategies at LNG exporting terminals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 628-641.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:156:y:2015:i:c:p:628-641
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shin, Younggy & Lee, Yoon Pyo, 2009. "Design of a boil-off natural gas reliquefaction control system for LNG carriers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(1), pages 37-44, January.
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    2. Zineb Bouabidi & Fares Almomani & Easa I. Al-musleh & Mary A. Katebah & Mohamed M. Hussein & Abdur Rahman Shazed & Iftekhar A. Karimi & Hassan Alfadala, 2021. "Study on Boil-off Gas (BOG) Minimization and Recovery Strategies from Actual Baseload LNG Export Terminal: Towards Sustainable LNG Chains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    3. Mohd Shariq Khan & Muhammad Abdul Qyyum & Wahid Ali & Aref Wazwaz & Khursheed B. Ansari & Moonyong Lee, 2020. "Energy Saving through Efficient BOG Prediction and Impact of Static Boil-off-Rate in Full Containment-Type LNG Storage Tank," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Duan, Zhongdi & Wang, Jianhu & Yuan, Yuchao & Tang, Wenyong & Xue, Hongxiang, 2023. "Near-wall thermal regulation for cryogenic storage by adsorbent coating: Modelling and pore-scale investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    5. Perez, Fernando & Al Ghafri, Saif Z.S. & Gallagher, Liam & Siahvashi, Arman & Ryu, Yonghee & Kim, Sungwoo & Kim, Sung Gyu & Johns, Michael L. & May, Eric F., 2021. "Measurements of boil-off gas and stratification in cryogenic liquid nitrogen with implications for the storage and transport of liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    6. Kwak, Dong-Hun & Heo, Jeong-Ho & Park, Seung-Ha & Seo, Seok-Jang & Kim, Jin-Kuk, 2018. "Energy-efficient design and optimization of boil-off gas (BOG) re-liquefaction process for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fuelled ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 915-929.
    7. Yude Shao & Yoonhyeok Lee & Hokeun Kang, 2019. "Dynamic Optimization of Boil-Off Gas Generation for Different Time Limits in Liquid Natural Gas Bunkering," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Tang, Changlong & Hu, Fan & Zhou, Xiaoguang & Li, Yajun, 2022. "Optimization methods for flexibility and stability related to the operation of LNG receiving terminals," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    9. Bian, Jiang & Yang, Jian & Liu, Yang & Li, Yuxing & Cao, Xuewen, 2022. "Analysis and efficiency enhancement for energy-saving re-liquefaction processes of boil-off gas without external refrigeration cycle on LNG carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
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