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Study on Boil-off Gas (BOG) Minimization and Recovery Strategies from Actual Baseload LNG Export Terminal: Towards Sustainable LNG Chains

Author

Listed:
  • Zineb Bouabidi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
    Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119077, Singapore)

  • Fares Almomani

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Easa I. Al-musleh

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Mary A. Katebah

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Mohamed M. Hussein

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Abdur Rahman Shazed

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

  • Iftekhar A. Karimi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
    Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd., Singapore 119077, Singapore)

  • Hassan Alfadala

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar)

Abstract

Boil-off Gas (BOG) generated at the liquefied natural gas (LNG) export terminal causes negative economic and environmental impacts. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop and evaluate various handling schemes to minimize and/or recover the generated BOG from an actual baseload LNG export terminal with a capacity of 554 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of natural gas feed. The following three main scenarios were assessed: JBOG re-liquefaction, LNG sub-cooling, and lean fuel gas (LFG) reflux. For the LNG subcooling, two sub-cases were considered; standalone subcooling before LNG storage and subcooling in the prevailing liquefaction cycle. Steady-state models for these scenarios were simulated using Aspen Plus ® based on a shortcut approach to quickly evaluate the proposed scenarios and determine the promising options that should be considered for further rigorous analysis. Results indicated that the flow of attainable excess LNG is 0.07, 0.03, and 0.022 million metric tons per annum (MTA) for the standalone LNG sub-cooling, LNG sub-cooling in the main cryogenic heat exchanger (MCHE), and both LFG-refluxing and jetty boil-off gas (JBOG) liquefaction, respectively. This in turn results in a profit of 24.58, 12.24, 8.14, and 7.63 million $/year for the LNG price of 7$ per Metric Million British Thermal Unit (MMBtu) of LNG.

Suggested Citation

  • Zineb Bouabidi & Fares Almomani & Easa I. Al-musleh & Mary A. Katebah & Mohamed M. Hussein & Abdur Rahman Shazed & Iftekhar A. Karimi & Hassan Alfadala, 2021. "Study on Boil-off Gas (BOG) Minimization and Recovery Strategies from Actual Baseload LNG Export Terminal: Towards Sustainable LNG Chains," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:12:p:3478-:d:573521
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumar, Satish & Kwon, Hyouk-Tae & Choi, Kwang-Ho & Lim, Wonsub & Cho, Jae Hyun & Tak, Kyungjae & Moon, Il, 2011. "LNG: An eco-friendly cryogenic fuel for sustainable development," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4264-4273.
    2. Kurle, Yogesh M. & Wang, Sujing & Xu, Qiang, 2015. "Simulation study on boil-off gas minimization and recovery strategies at LNG exporting terminals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 628-641.
    3. Kwak, Dong-Hun & Heo, Jeong-Ho & Park, Seung-Ha & Seo, Seok-Jang & Kim, Jin-Kuk, 2018. "Energy-efficient design and optimization of boil-off gas (BOG) re-liquefaction process for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fuelled ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 915-929.
    4. Kakaee, Amir-Hasan & Paykani, Amin, 2013. "Research and development of natural-gas fueled engines in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 805-821.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hyun-Seung Kim & Churl-Hee Cho, 2022. "An Economical Boil-Off Gas Management System for LNG Refueling Stations: Evaluation Using Scenario Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Katebah, Mary A. & Hussein, Mohamed M. & Al-musleh, Easa I. & Almomani, Fares, 2023. "A systematic optimization approach of an actual LNG plant: Power savings and enhanced process economy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    3. Xiang Bao & Yuefeng Liu & Bo Liu & Haofeng Liu & Yue Wang, 2023. "Multi-State Online Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Multi-Task Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-20, March.

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