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The Optimal Level of International Reserves for Emerging Market Countries: Formulas and Applications

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Cited by:

  1. Dani Rodrik, 2006. "The social cost of foreign exchange reserves," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 253-266.
  2. Ethan Ilzetzki & Carmen M Reinhart & Kenneth S Rogoff, 2019. "Exchange Arrangements Entering the Twenty-First Century: Which Anchor will Hold?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 134(2), pages 599-646.
  3. Guangyou Zhou & Xiaoxuan Yan & Sumei Luo, 2018. "Financial Security and Optimal Scale of Foreign Exchange Reserve in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-19, May.
  4. Kenza Benhima, 2008. "Financial Development, Technological Change in Emerging Countries and Global Imbalances," Working Papers hal-04140730, HAL.
  5. Fabien Clive Ntonga Efoua & Etienne Inédit Blaise Tsomb Tsomb, 2023. "Commodity Shocks and External Currency Stability : An Empirical Evidence from CEMAC [Chocs sur les produits de base et stabilité externe de la monnaie : une évidence empirique en CEMAC]," Post-Print hal-04273963, HAL.
  6. Ali Namaki & Reza Eyvazloo & Shahin Ramtinnia, 2023. "A systematic review of early warning systems in finance," Papers 2310.00490, arXiv.org.
  7. Aizenman, Joshua & LEE, JAEWOO, 2005. "International Reserves: Precautionary versus Mercantilist Views, Theory and Evidence," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt2tn4w8x6, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
  8. Ahmad Hassan Ahmad & Eric J. Pentecost, 2020. "Testing the ‘Fear of Floating’ Hypothesis: A Statistical Analysis for Eight African Countries," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 31(2), pages 407-430, April.
  9. Fernando Eguren Martin & Mark Joy & Claudia Maurini & Alessandro Moro & Valerio Nispi Landi & Alessandro Schiavone & Carlos van Hombeeck, 2020. "Capital flows during the pandemic: lessons for a more resilient international financial architecture," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 589, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  10. Victoria Miller, 2009. "Fixed Exchange Rates and Banking Crises: When Does the Former Prevent the Latter?," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 38(3), pages 119-135, November.
  11. Durdu, Ceyhun Bora & Mendoza, Enrique G. & Terrones, Marco E., 2009. "Precautionary demand for foreign assets in Sudden Stop economies: An assessment of the New Mercantilism," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(2), pages 194-209, July.
  12. Suman Basu & Ran Bi & Prakash Kannan, 2010. "Regional reserve pooling arrangements," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Oct.
  13. Levan Efremidze & Samuel M. Schreyer & Ozan Sula, 2011. "Sudden stops and currency crises," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 3(4), pages 304-321, November.
  14. International Monetary Fund, 2011. "Sweden: 2011 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Sweden," IMF Staff Country Reports 2011/171, International Monetary Fund.
  15. Alfaro, Laura & Kanczuk, Fabio, 2009. "Optimal reserve management and sovereign debt," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(1), pages 23-36, February.
  16. Gurnain Kaur Pasricha, 2017. "Policy Rules for Capital Controls," BIS Working Papers 670, Bank for International Settlements.
  17. Anne-Laure Delatte & Julien Fouquau, 2011. "The determinants of international reserves in the emerging countries: a nonlinear approach," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(28), pages 4179-4192.
  18. Eduardo Levy-Yeyati & Juan Francisco Gómez, 2020. "The Cost of Holding Foreign Exchange Reserves," Springer Books, in: Jacob Bjorheim (ed.), Asset Management at Central Banks and Monetary Authorities, edition 1, chapter 0, pages 91-110, Springer.
  19. Atish R. Ghosh & Jonathan D. Ostry & Charalambos G. Tsangarides, 2017. "Shifting Motives: Explaining the Buildup in Official Reserves in Emerging Markets Since the 1980s," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 65(2), pages 308-364, June.
  20. Gupta, Rangan & Hammoudeh, Shawkat & Kim, Won Joong & Simo-Kengne, Beatrice D., 2014. "Forecasting China's foreign exchange reserves using dynamic model averaging: The roles of macroeconomic fundamentals, financial stress and economic uncertainty," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 170-189.
  21. Daniela Gabor, 2012. "Managing Capital Accounts in Emerging Markets: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(6), pages 714-731, June.
  22. Aizenman, Joshua & Inoue, Kenta, 2013. "Central banks and gold puzzles," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 69-90.
  23. Yan, Isabel K. & Kumhof, Michael, 2011. "Too much of a good thing? on the effects of limiting foreign reserve accumulation," MPRA Paper 35231, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  24. Mansour-Ichrakieh, Layal, 2020. "The impact of Israeli Geopolitical Risks on the Lebanese Financial Market: A Destabilizer Multiplier," MPRA Paper 99376, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  25. Aizenman, Joshua & Sun, Yi, 2010. "Globalization and the sustainability of large current account imbalances: Size matters," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 35-44, March.
  26. Prakash Kumar Shrestha, Ph.D., 2016. "Macroeconomic Impact of International Reserves: Empirical Evidence from South Asia," NRB Working Paper 32/2016, Nepal Rastra Bank, Research Department.
  27. Joshua Aizenman, 2010. "Hoarding international reserves versus a Pigovian tax-cum-subsidy scheme: Reflections on the deleveraging crisis of 2008-9, and a cost benefit analysis," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Oct.
  28. International Monetary Fund, 2008. "Chile: Selected Issues Paper," IMF Staff Country Reports 2008/239, International Monetary Fund.
  29. Magdalena Redo & Marta Gebska, 2020. "Globalization in Growing Financial Markets as a Threat to the Financial Security of the Global Economy," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 335-355.
  30. Joshua Aizenman & Jaewoo Lee, 2007. "International Reserves: Precautionary Versus Mercantilist Views, Theory and Evidence," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 18(2), pages 191-214, April.
  31. Huang Yiping, 2009. "Strategies for Asian Exchange Rate Policy Cooperation," EABER Working Papers 22858, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
  32. Yin-wong Cheung & XingWang Qian, 2007. "Hoarding of International Reserves: Mrs Machlup¡¦s Wardrobe and the Joneses," Working Papers 132007, Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research.
  33. Yin‐Wong Cheung & Xingwang Qian, 2009. "Hoarding of International Reserves: Mrs Machlup's Wardrobe and the Joneses," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(4), pages 824-843, September.
  34. Andrew J. Filardo & Pierre L. Siklos, 2016. "Prolonged Reserves Accumulation, Credit Booms, Asset Prices and Monetary Policy in Asia," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(2), pages 364-381, February.
  35. Joshua Aizenman & Brian Pinto, 2013. "Managing Financial Integration and Capital Mobility—Policy Lessons from the Past Two Decades," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 636-653, September.
  36. Magda Kandil & Hanan Morsy, 2014. "Fiscal Stimulus and Credibility in Emerging Countries," Eastern Economic Journal, Palgrave Macmillan;Eastern Economic Association, vol. 40(3), pages 420-439, June.
  37. Cheung, Yin-Wong & Sengupta, Rajeswari, 2011. "Accumulation of reserves and keeping up with the Joneses: The case of LATAM economies," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 19-31, January.
  38. Betty C. Daniel, 2012. "Private Sector Risk and Financial Crises in Emerging Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 122(561), pages 825-847, June.
  39. Roberto Chang, 2008. "Inflation Targeting, Reserves Accumulation, and Exchange Rate Management in Latin America," Borradores de Economia 487, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  40. Miller, Marcus & Zhang, Lei, 2007. "Fear and Market Failure: Global Imbalances and ¿Self-Insurance¿," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1606, Inter-American Development Bank.
  41. Fernando M. Gonçalves, 2007. "The Optimal Level of Foreign Reserves in Financially Dollarized Economies: The Case of Uruguay," IMF Working Papers 2007/265, International Monetary Fund.
  42. Marco Antônio F. de H. Cavalcanti & Christian Vonbun, 2007. "Reservas internacionais ótimas para o Brasil: uma análise simples de custo-benefício para o período 1999-2007," Discussion Papers 1315, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  43. Maurice Obstfeld & Jay C. Shambaugh & Alan M. Taylor, 2010. "Financial Stability, the Trilemma, and International Reserves," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 2(2), pages 57-94, April.
  44. Enrique G. Mendoza & Katherine A. Smith, 2013. "Financial Globalization, Financial Crises, and the External Portfolio Structure of Emerging Markets," NBER Working Papers 19072, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  45. MARKOVIĆ Milan & MARJANOVIĆ Ivana, 2022. "Vulnerability To The Currency Crisis: The Case Of Serbia," Management of Sustainable Development, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 14(2), pages 17-21, December.
  46. José De Gregorio, 2011. "Acumulación de reservas internacionales en economías emergentes," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, December.
  47. Tavares, Tiago, 2015. "The Role of International Reserves in Sovereign Debt Restructuring under Fiscal Adjustment," MPRA Paper 87423, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  48. José Clovis Batista Dattoli & Henrique Flávio Rodrigues da Silveira, 2008. "El sistema de costeo del Banco Central de Brasil: cuatro años en funcionamiento, una evaluación," Boletín, CEMLA, vol. 0(4), pages 171-174, Octubre-d.
  49. Alexander Mihailov & Harun Nasir, 2022. "Sudden Stops, Productivity and the Optimal Level of International Reserves for Small Open Economies," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 33(5), pages 825-851, November.
  50. J. Onno de Beaufort Wijnholds & Lars Sondergaard, 2008. "¿Acumulación de reservas: objetivo o subproducto?," Boletín, CEMLA, vol. 0(4), pages 175-203, Octubre-d.
  51. Marta Ruiz-Arranz & Milan Zavadjil, 2008. "Are Emerging Asia’s Reserves Really Too High?," IMF Working Papers 2008/192, International Monetary Fund.
  52. Beck, Roland & Rahbari, Ebrahim, 2011. "Optimal reserve composition in the presence of sudden stops," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1107-1127, October.
  53. Miller, Marcus, 2006. "Fear and Market Failure: Global Imbalances and 'Self-insurance'," CEPR Discussion Papers 6000, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  54. Leontyeva, Elena (Леонтьева, Елена) & Narkevich, Sergey (Наркевич, Сергей), 2015. "Optimal Practice of Creation and Management of Gold Reserves [Оптимальная Практика Создания И Управления Золотовалютными Резервами]," Published Papers mak12, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
  55. Aizenman, Joshua & Lee, Jaewoo, 2007. "Financial versus Monetary Mercantilism-Long-run View of Large International Reserves Hoarding," Santa Cruz Department of Economics, Working Paper Series qt5r95t1xf, Department of Economics, UC Santa Cruz.
  56. Prakash Shrestha, 2017. "Macroeconomic Impact of International Reserves: Empirical Evidence from South Asia," Working Papers id:12166, eSocialSciences.
  57. Ana Maria Ceh & Ivo Krznar, 2008. "Optimal Foreign Reserves: The Case of Croatia," Financial Theory and Practice, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 32(4), pages 421-460.
  58. Eduardo Levy Yeyati, 2008. "Liquidity Insurance in a Financially Dollarized Economy," NBER Chapters, in: Financial Markets Volatility and Performance in Emerging Markets, pages 185-218, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  59. International Monetary Fund, 2013. "Sudan: Selected Issues," IMF Staff Country Reports 2013/320, International Monetary Fund.
  60. International Monetary Fund, 2008. "Foreign Reserve Adequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Papers 2008/150, International Monetary Fund.
  61. Perez Caldentey, Esteban & Pineda, Ramon, 2010. "Does Latin America lag behind due to shaper recessions and/or slower recoveries?," MPRA Paper 25036, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  62. Diego Bastourre & Jorge Carrera & Javier Ibarlucia, 2009. "What is Driving Reserve Accumulation? A Dynamic Panel Data Approach," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 17(4), pages 861-877, September.
  63. Heng, Dyna & Corbett, Jenny, 2011. "What Drives Some Countries to Hoard Foreign Reserves?," MPRA Paper 48552, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Oct 2011.
  64. Enrique G. Mendoza & Katherine A. Smith, 2014. "Financial Globalization, Financial Crises, and the External Portfolio Structure of Emerging Markets," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 116(1), pages 20-57, January.
  65. Scandizzo, Pasquale & Pagliacci, Carolina, 2010. "Foreign Reserve Management in an Oil Economy: Macroeconomic Risk as a Real Option," MPRA Paper 106539, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  66. Karel Brůna, 2010. "Akumulace devizových rezerv centrálních bank a dynamika absorpce likvidity bankovních systémů České republiky, Polska a Maďarska [Central Bank´s Foreign Exchange Reserves Accumulation and Dynamics ," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2010(6), pages 723-746.
  67. Joshua Aizenman, 2010. "International Reserves and Swap Lines in Times of Financial Distress: Overview and Interpretations," Working Papers id:3022, eSocialSciences.
  68. Mr. Sunil Sharma & Woon Gyu Choi & Maria Strömqvist, 2007. "Capital Flows, Financial Integration, and International Reserve Holdings: The Recent Experience of Emerging Markets and Advanced Economies," IMF Working Papers 2007/151, International Monetary Fund.
  69. Mishra, Ritesh Kumar & Sharma, Chandan, 2011. "India's demand for international reserve and monetary disequilibrium: Reserve adequacy under floating regime," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 901-919.
  70. Menzie D. Chinn & Barry Eichengreen & Hiro Ito, 2014. "A forensic analysis of global imbalances," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 66(2), pages 465-490.
  71. Katherine A. Smith & Enrique G. Mendoza, 2011. "Financial Globalization, Financial Crisis, and the External Capital Structure of Emerging Markets," 2011 Meeting Papers 235, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  72. Eduardo Levy-Yeyati, 2011. "Exchange Rate Regimes," Business School Working Papers 2011-02, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella.
  73. Federico Sturzenegger, 2020. "How should Central Banks accumulate reserves?," Working Papers 139, Universidad de San Andres, Departamento de Economia, revised May 2020.
  74. Levy Yeyati, Eduardo, 2008. "The cost of reserves," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 100(1), pages 39-42, July.
  75. Patrick Artus, 2009. "À quoi ont servi les réserves de change très importantes ?," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 95(2), pages 259-274.
  76. Torija-Zane, Edgardo, 2015. "Bancos centrales “periféricos”: el caso de América Latina," Libros de la CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 39989, May.
  77. Chokri Zehri, 2020. "Capital controls to manage foreign exchange reserves and foreign debts," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 38(1), pages 271-294.
  78. Michael B. Devereux, 2007. "Financial Globalization and Emerging Market Portfolios," Monetary and Economic Studies, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan, vol. 25(S1), pages 101-130, December.
  79. Joseph E. Gagnon, 2012. "Combating Widespread Currency Manipulation," Policy Briefs PB12-19, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  80. Menzie D. Chinn, 2012. "Imbalances, Overheating and the Prospects for Global Recovery," Chapters, in: Maurice Obstfeld & Dongchul Cho & Andrew Mason (ed.), Global Economic Crisis, chapter 6, Edward Elgar Publishing.
  81. Gabriel Enrique Alberola & José María Serena, 2009. "Sovereign external assets and the resilience of global imbalances," Working Papers 0834, Banco de España.
  82. Gabriela Contreras & Alejandro Jara & Eduardo Olaberría & Diego Saravia, 2012. "On the Level of International Reserves in Chile: an Analysis Based on Complementary Approaches," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 15(3), pages 40-63, December.
  83. Licchetta, Mirko, 2009. "Common determinants of currency crises: role of external balance sheet variables," Bank of England working papers 366, Bank of England.
  84. Mrs. Kristin Magnusson Bernard, 2011. "International Reserve Adequacy in Central America," IMF Working Papers 2011/144, International Monetary Fund.
  85. Enrique Alberola & José María Serena, 2007. "Global financial integration, monetary policy and reserve accumulation. Assessing the limits in emerging economies," Working Papers 0706, Banco de España.
  86. Ghosh, Atish R. & Ostry, Jonathan D. & Tsangarides, Charalambos G., 2014. "Accounting for emerging market countries' international reserves: Are Pacific Rim countries different?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(PA), pages 52-82.
  87. International Monetary Fund, 2012. "Algeria: Selected Issues Paper," IMF Staff Country Reports 2012/022, International Monetary Fund.
  88. Eduardo Levy Yeyati, 2019. "The Cost of Holding Foreign Exchange Reserves," CID Working Papers 353, Center for International Development at Harvard University.
  89. Hutchison, Michael M. & Noy, Ilan & Wang, Lidan, 2010. "Fiscal and monetary policies and the cost of sudden stops," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 973-987, October.
  90. Biljana Jovanovikj & Danica Unevska Andonova, 2017. "The Optimal Level of Foreign Reserves in Macedonia," Working Papers 2017-05, National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia.
  91. Akinboyo, Lawrence O. & Omotosho, Babatunde S. & Oladunni, Sunday & Owolabi, Olamide H., 2016. "External Reserves and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation," MPRA Paper 98309, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  92. Daniela Magalhães Prates & André Moreira Cunha & Marcos T. C. Lélis, 2008. "A gestão do regime de câmbio flutuante no Brasil," Anais do XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 36th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 200807211144430, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
  93. Park, Donghyun, 2007. "Beyond Liquidity: New Uses for Developing Asia's Foreign Exchange Reserves," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 109, Asian Development Bank.
  94. Gabriela Contreras & Alejandro Jara & Eduardo Olaberría & Diego Saravia, 2011. "Sobre el nivel de reservas internacionales de Chile: análisis a partir de enfoques complementarios," Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 621, Central Bank of Chile.
  95. Kato, Mika & Proaño, Christian R. & Semmler, Willi, 2018. "Does international-reserves targeting decrease the vulnerability to capital flights?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 64-75.
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  97. Ms. Era Dabla-Norris & Mr. Jun I Kim & Ms. Kazuko Shirono, 2011. "Optimal Precautionary Reserves for Low-Income Countries: A Cost-Benefit Analysis," IMF Working Papers 2011/249, International Monetary Fund.
  98. Ana Maria Čeh & Ivo Krznar, 2009. "Optimal International Reserves of the CNB with Endogenous Probability of Crisis," Working Papers 21, The Croatian National Bank, Croatia.
  99. World Bank, 2008. "Country Insurance : Reducing Systemic Vulnerabilities in Latin America and the Caribbean," World Bank Publications - Reports 8010, The World Bank Group.
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  102. Kurmas Akdogan, 2010. "Foreign Exchange Reserve Demand : An Information Value Approach," Central Bank Review, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, vol. 10(2), pages 33-44.
  103. Joshua Aizenman & Jaewoo Lee, 2008. "Financial versus Monetary Mercantilism: Long‐run View of Large International Reserves Hoarding," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 593-611, May.
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  119. Enrique Alberola & José María Serena, 2008. "Reserves, Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Resilience of Global Imbalances," Economic Notes, Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA, vol. 37(3), pages 315-343, November.
  120. Prakash Kumar Shrestha, Ph.D., 2016. "Macroeconomic Impact of International Reserves: Empirical Evidence from South Asia," NRB Economic Review, Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department, vol. 28(1), pages 1-26, April.
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  123. Joshua Aizenman, 2010. "Macro Prudential Supervision in the Open Economy, and the Role of Central Banks in Emerging Markets," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 21(3), pages 465-482, July.
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  125. Aizenman, Joshua, 2019. "A modern reincarnation of Mundell-Fleming's trilemma," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 444-454.
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  127. Cavoli, Tony & Rajan, Ramkishen S., 2009. "Managing Risks in a Volatile Environment: The Capital Inflows Problem in Asia," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 62(3), pages 325-340.
  128. Ben Hassine Khalladi, hela, 2015. "Financial Crisis Management in Emerging Countries: Optimal Level of International Reserves and Ex Ante Conditions for an International Lender of Last Resort Intervention," MPRA Paper 96151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  129. Yilmaz Akyuz, 2008. "Managing Financial Instability in Emerging Markets: A Keynesian Perspective," Working Papers 2008/4, Turkish Economic Association.
  130. Mr. Jun I Kim, 2008. "Sudden Stops and Optimal Self-Insurance," IMF Working Papers 2008/144, International Monetary Fund.
  131. Régis Barnichon, 2008. "International Reserves and Self-Insurance against External Shocks," IMF Working Papers 2008/149, International Monetary Fund.
  132. Noyer, C., 2011. "Global imbalances and financial stability," Financial Stability Review, Banque de France, issue 15, pages 107-112, February.
  133. Miller, Victoria & Vallée, Luc, 2010. "The size of banking crises in credible fixed exchange rate regimes," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(7), pages 1226-1236, November.
  134. Mr. Stanley B Watt & Mr. Donal McGettigan & Mr. Saade Chami, 2007. "Jordan’s International Reserve Position: Justifiably Strong," IMF Working Papers 2007/103, International Monetary Fund.
  135. Thierry Bracke & Matthieu Bussière & Michael Fidora & Roland Straub, 2010. "A Framework for Assessing Global Imbalances," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(9), pages 1140-1174, September.
  136. Kevin Cowan L. & José De Gregorio R. & Alejandro Micco A. & Christopher Neilson M., 2007. "Financial Diversification and Sudden Stops," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 10(3), pages 45-65, December.
  137. Herman Kamil, 2008. "Is Central Bank Intervention Effective Under Inflation Targeting Regimes? The Case of Colombia," IMF Working Papers 2008/088, International Monetary Fund.
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