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Glass ceilings or glass doors? The role of firms in male‐female wage disparities

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  • Mohsen Javdani

Abstract

I use Canadian linked employer‐employee data to examine whether women face a glass ceiling in the labour market. I also measure the extent to which the glass ceiling comes about because women are segregated into lower‐paying firms, or because they are segregated into lower‐paying jobs within firms. I find clear evidence that women experience a glass ceiling that is driven by their disproportionate sorting across firm types (glass doors) rather than within firms. I find no evidence that these results are supply‐driven. However, my results are consistent with predictions of an efficiency wage model where high‐paying firms discriminate against females. Plafonds de verre ou portes de verre? Le rôle des firmes dans les disparités de salaires entre hommes et femmes. L'auteur utilise des données canadiennes sur les employeurs et les employés pour supputer si les femmes font face à un plafond de verre sur le marché du travail. Il jauge jusqu'à quel point ce plafond de verre est attribuable au fait que les femmes sont déportées vers des firmes à bas salaires ou vers des emplois à bas salaires dans les firmes. Il semble que l'expérience du plafond de verre des femmes soit attribuable au fait que les femmes se trouvent plutôt distribuées différemment entre les types de firmes (le cas de portes de verre) qu'entre les types d'emplois à l'intérieur des firmes. On ne trouve pas d'évidence que ce soit un phénomène engendré du côté de l'offre. Cependant ces résultats sont compatibles avec les prédictions du modèle des salaires d'efficience où les firmes à hauts salaires discriminent contre les femmes.

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  • Mohsen Javdani, 2015. "Glass ceilings or glass doors? The role of firms in male‐female wage disparities," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(2), pages 529-560, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:48:y:2015:i:2:p:529-560
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12135
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    Cited by:

    1. Kaya Ezgi, 2021. "Gender wage gap across the distribution: What is the role of within- and between-firm effects?," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 12(1), pages 1-49, January.
    2. Jiang Li & Benoit Dostie & Gäelle Simard-Duplain, 2020. "What is the Role of Firm-Specific Pay Policies on the Gender Earnings Gap in Canada?," CIRANO Working Papers 2020s-67, CIRANO.
    3. Iga Magda & Katarzyna Sałach, 2021. "Gender pay gaps in domestic and foreign-owned firms," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 2237-2263, October.
    4. Mohsen Javdani & Brian Krauth, 2020. "Job satisfaction and co‐worker pay in Canadian firms," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(1), pages 212-248, February.
    5. Ederington Josh & Minier Jenny & Jill Stowe C., 2019. "Risk and Discrimination," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, July.
    6. Galina Besstremyannaya & Sergei Golovan, 2019. "Reconsideration of a simple approach to quantile regression for panel data: a comment on the Canay (2011) fixed effects estimator," Working Papers w0249, New Economic School (NES).
    7. Forth, John & Theodoropoulos, Nikolaos, 2022. "Earnings Discrimination in the Workplace," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1110, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    8. Mohsen Javdani, 2020. "Visible Minorities and Job Mobility: Evidence from a Workplace Panel Survey," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 18(4), pages 491-524, December.
    9. Khorana, Sangeeta & Webster, Allan, 2023. "Too few women at the top of firms: Foreign ownership, gender segregation and cultural causes," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1276, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Galina Besstremyannaya & Sergei Golovan, 2019. "Reconsideration of a simple approach to quantile regression for panel data: a comment on the Canay (2011) fixed effects estimator," Working Papers w0249, Center for Economic and Financial Research (CEFIR).

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