IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/sagope/v12y2022i2p21582440221093354.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How Transformational Leaders Are Engaged in Work Settings During Episode of Covid-19? Exploring Mediating Effects of Structural Empowerment and Process Innovation

Author

Listed:
  • Maira Khan
  • Mukaram Ali Khan
  • Syed Sohaib Zubair
  • Aisha Rizwan

Abstract

In this modern world with the growing trend of globalization, cultural and environmental changes, and the increased pace of technological advancements, new challenges have appeared in a tremendous manner. In the wake of these recent trends and complexities alongside the worldwide pandemic (COVID-19), organizations are working to provide a self-motivated and highly engaging environment for employees. The study intends to explore the relationship between Transformational Leadership (TFL) and Work Engagement (WE) with the mediating role of Structural Empowerment (SE) and Process Innovation (PI) during COVID-19. The quantitative research methodology was utilized and a simple random sampling technique was used for collection of data from 360 supervisors of banks in Pakistan using questionnaires. Hypotheses are tested with the help of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) by using AMOS. By using SEM, confirmatory factor analysis revealed a statistically significant model. Outcomes showed a significant connection among TFL, WE, and PI. However, SE only significantly relates to TFL. Partial mediation through PI was discovered with the presence of a significant indirect path between TFL and WE. In contrast, the mediation of SE is not ascertained due to insignificant indirect effects. The digitally evolving banking industry in Pakistan requires engagement at workplace. The organization must be very much aware of the crucial job of leaders for WE as well as for PI just as the SE of employees. The findings of the study also highlight the importance of best HR practices that should work for creating intangible motivators for boosting WE level.

Suggested Citation

  • Maira Khan & Mukaram Ali Khan & Syed Sohaib Zubair & Aisha Rizwan, 2022. "How Transformational Leaders Are Engaged in Work Settings During Episode of Covid-19? Exploring Mediating Effects of Structural Empowerment and Process Innovation," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:12:y:2022:i:2:p:21582440221093354
    DOI: 10.1177/21582440221093354
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/21582440221093354
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1177/21582440221093354?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joan Manuel Batista-Foguet & Marc Esteve & Arjen van Witteloostuijn, 2021. "Measuring leadership an assessment of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(7), pages 1-22, July.
    2. Jeevan Jyoti & Sonia Bhau, 2015. "Impact of Transformational Leadership on Job Performance," SAGE Open, , vol. 5(4), pages 21582440156, November.
    3. Sandra Cavaco & Patricia Crifo, 2014. "CSR and financial performance: complementarity between environmental, social and business behaviours," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(27), pages 3323-3338, September.
    4. Monje Amor, Ariadna & Abeal Vázquez, José Pablo & Faíña, José Andrés, 2020. "Transformational leadership and work engagement: Exploring the mediating role of structural empowerment," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 169-178.
    5. Catarina Gomes & Luis Curral & António Caetano, 2015. "The Mediating Effect Of Work Engagement On The Relationship Between Self-Leadership And Individual Innovation," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(01), pages 1-18.
    6. Farinaz Havaei & V. Susan Dahinten, 2017. "How Well Does the CWEQ II Measure Structural Empowerment? Findings from Applying Item Response Theory," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-20, May.
    7. Mohammad Tahlil Azim & Luo Fan & Md. Aftab Uddin & Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani & Sumayya Begum, 2019. "Linking transformational leadership with employees’ engagement in the creative process," Management Research Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(7), pages 837-858, May.
    8. Wei-Li Wu & Yi-Chih Lee, 2020. "Do Work Engagement and Transformational Leadership Facilitate Knowledge Sharing? A Perspective of Conservation of Resources Theory," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-17, April.
    9. N Nilwala & K Gunawardana & R. L. S Fernando, 2017. "Scale for Measuring Transformational Leadership in Public Sector Organizations in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Ministries of Western Provincial Council," International Journal of Management and Sustainability, Conscientia Beam, vol. 6(4), pages 63-74.
    10. Gerard George & Karim R. Lakhani & Phanish Puranam, 2020. "What has changed? The Impact of Covid Pandemic on the Technology and Innovation Management Research Agenda," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 57(8), pages 1754-1758, December.
    11. N. Nilwala & K. Gunawardana & R. L. S. Fernando, 2017. "Scale for Measuring Transformational Leadership in Public Sector Organizations in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Ministries of Western Provincial Council," International Journal of Management and Sustainability, Conscientia Beam, vol. 6(4), pages 63-74.
    12. Mohammad Tahlil Azim & Luo Fan & Md. Aftab Uddin & Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani & Sumayya Begum, 2019. "Linking transformational leadership with employees’ engagement in the creative process," Management Research Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 42(7), pages 837-858, May.
    13. Chua, Jeremy & Ayoko, Oluremi B., 2021. "Employees’ self-determined motivation, transformational leadership and work engagement," Journal of Management & Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(3), pages 523-543, May.
    14. Nadia Alhozi & Nayel Al Hawamdeh & Malek Al-Edenat, 2021. "The Impact of Employee Empowerment on Job Engagement: Evidence from Jordan," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(2), pages 1-90, February.
    15. Vishal Gupta & Shailendra Singh & Abhijit Bhattacharya, 2017. "The Relationships Between Leadership, Work Engagement And Employee Innovative Performance: Empirical Evidence From The Indian R&D Context," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 21(07), pages 1-30, October.
    16. Aneeq Inam & Jo Ann Ho & Hina Zafar & Unaiza Khan & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Usama Najam, 2021. "Fostering Creativity and Work Engagement Through Perceived Organizational Support: The Interactive Role of Stressors," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ioana Gutu & Daniela Tatiana Agheorghiesei & Ionel Ciprian Alecu, 2022. "The Online Adapted Transformational Leadership and Workforce Innovation within the Software Development Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Magdy Sayed Ahmed Abolnasser & Ahmed Hassan Abdou & Thowayeb H. Hassan & Amany E. Salem, 2023. "Transformational Leadership, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Psychological Well-Being among Hotel Employees after the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serial Mediation Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-27, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li Yi & Md. Aftab Uddin & Anupam Kumar Das & Monowar Mahmood & Shanewaz Mahmood Sohel, 2019. "Do Transformational Leaders Engage Employees in Sustainable Innovative Work Behaviour? Perspective from a Developing Country," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Theresa Obuobisa-Darko & Emelia Amoako Asiedu & Frank Ohemeng & Kenneth Parku, 2024. "Managing Employee Engagement in Crisis Situations in Developing Countries: The Case for Responsible Leadership in the Public Sector in Ghana," Public Organization Review, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 803-821, September.
    3. Vuong Khanh Tuan & Premkumar Rajagopal, 2019. "The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Job Satisfaction towards Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam," Academic Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, vol. 5(4), pages 156-164, December.
    4. Ali Zackery & Joseph Amankwah-Amoah & Zahra Heidari Darani & Shiva Ghasemi, 2022. "COVID-19 Research in Business and Management: A Review and Future Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-32, August.
    5. Lucas N. Mburu & Dr. Mary Ragui, PhD & Dr. Walter Ongeti, PhD, 2024. "Transformational Leadership, Soft HR Approach, and Millennial Workforce Engagement in International NGOs in Nairobi, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(4), pages 1319-1332, April.
    6. Paolo E. Giordani & Francesco Rullani, 2020. "The Digital Revolution and COVID-19," Working Papers 06, Venice School of Management - Department of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia.
    7. Bulent Akkaya & Anna Bagieńska, 2022. "The Role of Agile Women Leadership in Achieving Team Effectiveness through Interpersonal Trust for Business Agility," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Mohd Asrof Gulam Nabi & Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail, 2016. "Job Crafting In Public Sector," International Journal of Business Research and Management (IJBRM), Computer Science Journals (CSC Journals), vol. 7(4), pages 63-81, October.
    9. Chu, Baoju & Dong, Yizhe & Liu, Yaorong & Ma, Diandian & Wang, Tianju, 2024. "Does China's emission trading scheme affect corporate financial performance: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    10. Issam Laguir & Rebecca Stekelorum & Lamia Laguir & Raffaele Staglianò, 2021. "Managing corporate social responsibility in the bank sector: A fuzzy and disaggregated approach," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(4), pages 1324-1334, July.
    11. Patricia Crifo & Elena Escrig-Olmedo & Nicolas Mottis, 2019. "Corporate Governance as a Key Driver of Corporate Sustainability in France: The Role of Board Members and Investor Relations," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 159(4), pages 1127-1146, November.
    12. Khurshid Djalilov & Christopher A. Hartwell, 2023. "The spirit is willing, but the institutions are weak: disclosure of corporate social responsibility and the financial sector in transition," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(2), pages 385-427, June.
    13. Zahra, Shaker A., 2022. "International entrepreneurship by family firms post Covid," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 13(2).
    14. Zaheer Alam & Yasir Bin Tariq, 2023. "Corporate Sustainability Performance Evaluation and Firm Financial Performance: Evidence from Pakistan," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, July.
    15. Korzynski, Pawel & Kozminski, Andrzej Krzysztof & Baczynska, Anna & Haenlein, Michael, 2021. "Bounded leadership: An empirical study of leadership competencies, constraints, and effectiveness," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 39(2), pages 226-235.
    16. Jaroslav Sedláček, 2020. "Non-Financial Reporting of Industrial Corporations - A Czech Case Study," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 68(3), pages 625-636.
    17. Fatma Sonmez Cakir & Zafer Adiguzel, 2020. "Analysis of Leader Effectiveness in Organization and Knowledge Sharing Behavior on Employees and Organization," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(1), pages 21582440209, March.
    18. Noluthando Mbangeleli & Hammed Olabode Ojugbele, 2021. "An investigation of employee empowerment as an organisational culture in the South African public sector," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 10(6), pages 111-120, September.
    19. Mingyuan Guo & Yanfang Hu & Yu Zhang & Fuge Tian, 2019. "State-Owned Shareholding and CSR: Do Multiple Financing Methods Matter?—Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-15, March.
    20. Bernard Gumah & Liu Wenbin & Maxwell Akansina Aziabah, 2021. "Supervisors’ Leadership Styles’ Influence on Foreign Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in a Cross-Cultural Work Setting: A Moderated Mediation Analysis," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440219, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:12:y:2022:i:2:p:21582440221093354. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: SAGE Publications (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.