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Direct-Hydrocarbon Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Fan Liu

    (The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA)

  • Chuancheng Duan

    (The Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA)

Abstract

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are promising and rugged solid-state power sources that can directly and electrochemically convert the chemical energy into electric power. Direct-hydrocarbon SOFCs eliminate the external reformers; thus, the system is significantly simplified and the capital cost is reduced. SOFCs comprise the cathode, electrolyte, and anode, of which the anode is of paramount importance as its catalytic activity and chemical stability are key to direct-hydrocarbon SOFCs. The conventional SOFC anode is composed of a Ni-based metallic phase that conducts electrons, and an oxygen-ion conducting oxide, such as yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which exhibits an ionic conductivity of 10 −3 –10 −2 S cm −1 at 700 °C. Although YSZ-based SOFCs are being commercialized, YSZ-Ni anodes are still suffering from carbon deposition (coking) and sulfur poisoning, ensuing performance degradation. Furthermore, the high operating temperatures (>700 °C) also pose challenges to the system compatibility, leading to poor long-term durability. To reduce operating temperatures of SOFCs, intermediate-temperature proton-conducting SOFCs (P-SOFCs) are being developed as alternatives, which give rise to superior power densities, coking and sulfur tolerance, and durability. Due to these advances, there are growing efforts to implement proton-conducting oxides to improve durability of direct-hydrocarbon SOFCs. However, so far, there is no review article that focuses on direct-hydrocarbon P-SOFCs. This concise review aims to first introduce the fundamentals of direct-hydrocarbon P-SOFCs and unique surface properties of proton-conducting oxides, then summarize the most up-to-date achievements as well as current challenges of P-SOFCs. Finally, strategies to overcome those challenges are suggested to advance the development of direct-hydrocarbon SOFCs.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan Liu & Chuancheng Duan, 2021. "Direct-Hydrocarbon Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-9, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4736-:d:541942
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Farhad Zishan & Oscar Danilo Montoya & Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez, 2023. "New Design and Study of the Transient State and Maximum Power Point Tracking of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Fuzzy Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Yue Teng & Ho Yeon Lee & Haesu Lee & Yoon Ho Lee, 2022. "Effect of Sputtering Pressure on the Nanostructure and Residual Stress of Thin-Film YSZ Electrolyte," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-9, August.
    3. Muneeb Irshad & Mehak Khalid & Muhammad Rafique & Asif Nadeem Tabish & Ahmad Shakeel & Khurram Siraj & Abdul Ghaffar & Rizwan Raza & Muhammad Ahsan & Quar tul Ain & Qurat ul Ain, 2021. "Electrochemical Investigations of BaCe 0.7-x Sm x Zr 0.2 Y 0.1 O 3-δ Sintered at a Low Sintering Temperature as a Perovskite Electrolyte for IT-SOFCs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Mohamad Fairus Rabuni & Tao Li & Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman & Faidzul Hakim Adnan & Kang Li, 2023. "Progress in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Hydrocarbon Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-36, September.

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