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A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies

Author

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  • Zulqarnain

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Ayoub

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Hamza Nazir

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Imtisal Zahid

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Mariam Ameen

    (HICOE—Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Farooq Sher

    (School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environmental and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK)

  • Dita Floresyona

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas PERTAMINA, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia)

  • Eduardus Budi Nursanto

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas PERTAMINA, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia)

Abstract

Dependence on fossil fuels for meeting the growing energy demand is damaging the world’s environment. There is a dire need to look for alternative fuels that are less potent to greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuels offer several advantages with less harmful effects on the environment. Biodiesel is synthesized from the organic wastes produced extensively like edible, non-edible, microbial, and waste oils. This study reviews the feasibility of the state-of-the-art feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel synthesis such as availability, and capacity to cover a significant proportion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks. The comparison of biodiesel production and parametric analysis is done critically, which is necessary to come up with the most appropriate feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. Since the critical comparison of feedstocks along with oil extraction and biodiesel production technologies has never been done before, this will help to direct future researchers to use more sustainable feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. This study concluded that the use of third-generation feedstocks (wastes) is the most appropriate way for sustainable biodiesel production. The use of innovative costless oil extraction technologies including supercritical and microwave-assisted transesterification method is recommended for oil extraction.

Suggested Citation

  • Zulqarnain & Muhammad Ayoub & Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Imtisal Zahid & Mariam Ameen & Farooq Sher & Dita Floresyona & Eduardus Budi Nursanto, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:788-:d:480714
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    1. Wirawan, Soni S. & Solikhah, Maharani D. & Setiapraja, Hari & Sugiyono, Agus, 2024. "Biodiesel implementation in Indonesia: Experiences and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    2. Rahmath Abdulla & Eryati Derman & Thivyasri K.Mathialagan & Abu Zahrim Yaser & Mohd Armi Abu Samah & Jualang Azlan Gansau & Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin, 2022. "Biodiesel Production from Waste Palm Cooking Oil Using Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    3. Cédric Decarpigny & Abdulhadi Aljawish & Cédric His & Bertrand Fertin & Muriel Bigan & Pascal Dhulster & Michel Millares & Rénato Froidevaux, 2022. "Bioprocesses for the Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils and Valorization of Glycerol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, May.
    4. Fanta Barry & Marie Sawadogo & Maïmouna Bologo (Traoré) & Igor W. K. Ouédraogo & Thomas Dogot, 2021. "Key Barriers to the Adoption of Biomass Gasification in Burkina Faso," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Petronela Lina Matei & Cristina Busuioc & Niculina Ionescu & Anicuta Stoica-Guzun & Nicoleta-Aurelia Chira, 2021. "Cnicus benedictus Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel: Extraction Optimization and Biodiesel Yield," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Mateusz Jackowski & Łukasz Niedźwiecki & Krzysztof Mościcki & Amit Arora & Muhammad Azam Saeed & Krystian Krochmalny & Jakub Pawliczek & Anna Trusek & Magdalena Lech & Jan Skřínský & Jakub Čespiva & J, 2021. "Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-17, September.
    7. Atreyi Pramanik & Anis Ahmad Chaudhary & Aashna Sinha & Kundan Kumar Chaubey & Mohammad Saquib Ashraf & Nosiba Suliman Basher & Hassan Ahmad Rudayni & Deen Dayal & Sanjay Kumar, 2023. "Nanocatalyst-Based Biofuel Generation: An Update, Challenges and Future Possibilities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Imtisal Zahid & Muhammad Ayoub & Bawadi Bin Abdullah & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Zulqarnain & Mariam Ameen Kaimkhani & Farooq Sher, 2021. "Activation of Nano Kaolin Clay for Bio-Glycerol Conversion to a Valuable Fuel Additive," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, March.

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