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Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst

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  • Baskar, G.
  • Soumiya, S.

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuels has caused the price of petroleum to rise remarkably and created need for alternative energy such as biodiesel. In the present study, the biodiesel was produced from castor oil using ferromagnetic zinc oxide nanocomposite as heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification reaction. Single phase of nanocatalyst were confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The spherical shape of the aggregated nanocatalyst was observed in Scanning Electron Microscopy. Magnetic properties were analysed using vibrating sample magnetometer. Atomic Force Microscopic analysis revealed the larger surface area and roughness of nanocatalyst. The biodiesel yield of 91% (w/w) was obtained in 50 min at 55 °C with 14 wt % catalyst loading and 12:1 methanol/oil ratio and was confirmed by Gas chromatograph with Mass Spectrometer. The result showed that the iron (II) doped ZnO nanocatalyst is a promising catalyst for the production of biodiesel via heterogeneous catalytic transesterification under milder reaction conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Baskar, G. & Soumiya, S., 2016. "Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 101-107.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:98:y:2016:i:c:p:101-107
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.068
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    1. Meher, L.C. & Vidya Sagar, D. & Naik, S.N., 2006. "Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification--a review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 248-268, June.
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    2. Yatish, K.V. & Lalithamba, H.S. & Suresh, R. & Latha, H.K.E., 2020. "Ochrocarpus longifolius assisted green synthesis of CaTiO3 nanoparticle for biodiesel production and its kinetic study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 310-321.
    3. Yatish, K.V. & Prakash, R. Mithun & Ningaraju, C. & Sakar, M. & GeethaBalakrishna, R. & Lalithamba, H.S., 2021. "Terminalia chebula as a novel green source for the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and as feedstock for biodiesel production and its application on diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(PB).
    4. Borah, Manash Jyoti & Devi, Anuchaya & Borah, Raju & Deka, Dhanapati, 2019. "Synthesis and application of Co doped ZnO as heterogeneous nanocatalyst for biodiesel production from non-edible oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 512-519.
    5. Munir, Mamoona & Ahmad, Mushtaq & Saeed, Muhammad & Waseem, Amir & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Sultana, Shazia & Zafar, Muhammad & Rehan, Mohammad & Srinivasan, Gokul Raghavendra & Ali, Arshid Mahmood & Al, 2021. "Biodiesel production from novel non-edible caper (Capparis spinosa L.) seeds oil employing Cu–Ni doped ZrO2 catalyst," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    6. Ashok, A. & Ratnaji, T. & John Kennedy, L. & Judith Vijaya, J. & Gnana Pragash, R., 2021. "Magnetically recoverable Mg substituted zinc ferrite nanocatalyst for biodiesel production: Process optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 480-494.
    7. Kazemi Shariat Panahi, Hamed & Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha, Homa & Dehhaghi, Mona & Orooji, Yasin & Mahian, Omid & Shahbeik, Hossein & Kiehbadroudinezhad, Mohammadali & Kalam, Md Abul & Karimi-Maleh, Hassa, 2024. "Nanotechnology applications in biodiesel processing and production: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    8. Shemelis N. Gebremariam & Trine Hvoslef-Eide & Meseret T. Terfa & Jorge M. Marchetti, 2019. "Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-21, October.
    9. Suryajaya, Stefanus Kevin & Mulyono, Yohanes Ricky & Santoso, Shella Permatasari & Yuliana, Maria & Kurniawan, Alfin & Ayucitra, Aning & Sun, Yueting & Hartono, Sandy Budi & Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi & , 2021. "Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1166-1174.
    10. Ganesan, Shangeetha & Nadarajah, Sivajothi & Chee, Xin Yeng & Khairuddean, Melati & Teh, Geok Bee, 2020. "Esterification of free fatty acids using ammonium ferric sulphate-calcium silicate as a heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1406-1417.
    11. Zhu, Qing-li & Gu, Heng & Ke, Zengguang, 2018. "Congeneration biodiesel, ricinine and nontoxic meal from castor seed," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 51-59.
    12. Zulqarnain & Muhammad Ayoub & Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Imtisal Zahid & Mariam Ameen & Farooq Sher & Dita Floresyona & Eduardus Budi Nursanto, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.

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