IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i23p13193-d690356.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cnicus benedictus Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel: Extraction Optimization and Biodiesel Yield

Author

Listed:
  • Petronela Lina Matei

    (Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Cristina Busuioc

    (Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Niculina Ionescu

    (Laboratory of Plant Multiplication, Plant Breeding and Seed Multiplication Department, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARDI), 915200 Fundulea, Romania)

  • Anicuta Stoica-Guzun

    (Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Nicoleta-Aurelia Chira

    (Laboratory of Plant Multiplication, Plant Breeding and Seed Multiplication Department, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute (NARDI), 915200 Fundulea, Romania)

Abstract

Cnicus benedictus fruits were used as raw material to extract oil, and the resulting oil was converted into biodiesel. Two extraction methods were tested: batch extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction. Response surface methodology was considered for the optimization of the process efficiency. The selected key independent variables were temperature, extraction time, and solid/liquid ratio for batch extraction and ultrasound intensity, temperature, and extraction time for the ultrasound assisted extraction, respectively. The optimal working conditions are different for the two extraction techniques, with respect to temperature, solid/liquid ratio, and extraction time, respectively, leading to higher extraction efficiency in the case of the ultrasound-assisted extraction. Cnicus benedictus oil obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was further esterified with methanol under acid catalysis to yield biodiesel. The biodiesel was characterized through 1 H-NMR and the main fuel properties were determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Petronela Lina Matei & Cristina Busuioc & Niculina Ionescu & Anicuta Stoica-Guzun & Nicoleta-Aurelia Chira, 2021. "Cnicus benedictus Oil as a Raw Material for Biodiesel: Extraction Optimization and Biodiesel Yield," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13193-:d:690356
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13193/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13193/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Evangelos G. Giakoumis & Christos K. Sarakatsanis, 2019. "A Comparative Assessment of Biodiesel Cetane Number Predictive Correlations Based on Fatty Acid Composition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-30, January.
    2. Zulqarnain & Muhammad Ayoub & Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff & Muhammad Hamza Nazir & Imtisal Zahid & Mariam Ameen & Farooq Sher & Dita Floresyona & Eduardus Budi Nursanto, 2021. "A Comprehensive Review on Oil Extraction and Biodiesel Production Technologies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    3. Eko Supriyanto & Jayan Sentanuhady & Ariyana Dwiputra & Ari Permana & Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun, 2021. "The Recent Progress of Natural Sources and Manufacturing Process of Biodiesel: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-26, May.
    4. Sarin, Amit & Arora, Rajneesh & Singh, N.P. & Sarin, Rakesh & Malhotra, R.K. & Kundu, K., 2009. "Effect of blends of Palm-Jatropha-Pongamia biodiesels on cloud point and pour point," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(11), pages 2016-2021.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Shashi Kant Bhatia, 2023. "Biorefinery for the Sustainable Biochemicals Production: Process Design and Technological Advances," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-3, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cédric Decarpigny & Abdulhadi Aljawish & Cédric His & Bertrand Fertin & Muriel Bigan & Pascal Dhulster & Michel Millares & Rénato Froidevaux, 2022. "Bioprocesses for the Biodiesel Production from Waste Oils and Valorization of Glycerol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-30, May.
    2. Sarin, Amit & Singh, N.P. & Sarin, Rakesh & Malhotra, R.K., 2010. "Natural and synthetic antioxidants: Influence on the oxidative stability of biodiesel synthesized from non-edible oil," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4645-4648.
    3. Fanta Barry & Marie Sawadogo & Maïmouna Bologo (Traoré) & Igor W. K. Ouédraogo & Thomas Dogot, 2021. "Key Barriers to the Adoption of Biomass Gasification in Burkina Faso," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, June.
    4. Nouri, Hoda & Moghimi, Hamid & Nikbakht Rad, Mahzad & Ostovar, Marjan & Farazandeh Mehr, Shima Sadat & Ghanaatian, Fateme & Talebi, Ahmad Farhad, 2019. "Enhanced growth and lipid production in oleaginous fungus, Sarocladium kiliense ADH17: Study on fatty acid profiling and prediction of biodiesel properties," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 10-20.
    5. Abul Kalam Hossain & Abdul Hussain, 2019. "Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, March.
    6. Wojciech Golimowski & Paweł Krzaczek & Damian Marcinkowski & Weronika Gracz & Grzegorz Wałowski, 2019. "Impact of Biogas and Waste Fats Methyl Esters on NO, NO 2 , CO, and PM Emission by Dual Fuel Diesel Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-16, March.
    7. kumar, Mukesh & Sharma, Mahendra Pal, 2016. "Selection of potential oils for biodiesel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1129-1138.
    8. Rahmath Abdulla & Eryati Derman & Thivyasri K.Mathialagan & Abu Zahrim Yaser & Mohd Armi Abu Samah & Jualang Azlan Gansau & Syed Umar Faruq Syed Najmuddin, 2022. "Biodiesel Production from Waste Palm Cooking Oil Using Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    9. Castro Gonzáles, Nirza Fabiola, 2016. "International experiences with the cultivation of Jatropha curcas for biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1245-1258.
    10. Kalam, M.A. & Ahamed, J.U. & Masjuki, H.H., 2012. "Land availability of Jatropha production in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(6), pages 3999-4007.
    11. de Souza, T.A.Z. & Pinto, G.M. & Julio, A.A.V. & Coronado, C.J.R. & Perez-Herrera, R. & Siqueira, B.O.P.S. & da Costa, R.B.R. & Roberts, J.J. & Palacio, J.C.E., 2022. "Biodiesel in South American countries: A review on policies, stages of development and imminent competition with hydrotreated vegetable oil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    12. Serrano, Marta & Oliveros, Rubén & Sánchez, Marcos & Moraschini, Andrea & Martínez, Mercedes & Aracil, José, 2014. "Influence of blending vegetable oil methyl esters on biodiesel fuel properties: Oxidative stability and cold flow properties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 109-115.
    13. Grana, Roberto & Frassoldati, Alessio & Cuoci, Alberto & Faravelli, Tiziano & Ranzi, Eliseo, 2012. "A wide range kinetic modeling study of pyrolysis and oxidation of methyl butanoate and methyl decanoate. Note I: Lumped kinetic model of methyl butanoate and small methyl esters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 124-139.
    14. Shahabuddin, M. & Kalam, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Bhuiya, M.M.K. & Mofijur, M., 2012. "An experimental investigation into biodiesel stability by means of oxidation and property determination," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 616-622.
    15. Yaakob, Zahira & Narayanan, Binitha N. & Padikkaparambil, Silija & Unni K., Surya & Akbar P., Mohammed, 2014. "A review on the oxidation stability of biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 136-153.
    16. Baldev, Edachery & Mubarakali, Davoodbasha & Saravanakumar, Kandasamy & Arutselvan, Chithirai & Alharbi, Naiyf S. & Alharbi, Sulaiman Ali & Sivasubramanian, Velusamy & Thajuddin, Nooruddin, 2018. "Unveiling algal cultivation using raceway ponds for biodiesel production and its quality assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 486-498.
    17. Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw & Patryk Ratomski & Adam Koniuszy & Wojciech Golimowski & Mirosława Teleszko & Anna Grygier, 2021. "Fatty Acid Profile of Microalgal Oils as a Criterion for Selection of the Best Feedstock for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-14, November.
    18. Rahman, S.M. Ashrafur & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Sanjid, A. & Abedin, M.J., 2014. "Assessment of emission and performance of compression ignition engine with varying injection timing," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 221-230.
    19. Qi, D.H. & Chen, H. & Geng, L.M. & Bian, Y.Z., 2011. "Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1252-1258.
    20. Fangyuan Zheng & Haeng Muk Cho, 2024. "The Comprehensive Effects of Nano Additives on Biodiesel Engines—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-21, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13193-:d:690356. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.