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Exploiting the Waste Biomass of Durian Shell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production at Room Temperature

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  • Che Zhao

    (School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China)

  • Hongyuan Chen

    (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

  • Xiao Wu

    (Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China)

  • Rui Shan

    (Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

Abstract

Durian shell, a biomass waste, was simply burned and then could serve as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of palm oil with methanol at room temperature. The chemical composition, structure, and morphology of the catalyst were well-characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, EDS, TGA, FT-IR, and XPS measurement. With the preparation temperature rising to 350 °C, the maximum yield of the biodiesel could reach 94.1% at room temperature, and the optimum reaction conditions were 8 wt.% catalyst, 8:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, ad 2.5 h reaction time. The characterizations results indicated that K 2 O and K 2 CO 3 existed on the surface of catalyst, and a moderate amount of carbon, which acts as a carrier, attributed to the activity of the catalyst. After repeating five times, the catalyst prepared at 350 °C showed better stability than other catalysts. This might be because the incomplete combustion of the remaining carbon slowed down the loss of K to some extent.

Suggested Citation

  • Che Zhao & Hongyuan Chen & Xiao Wu & Rui Shan, 2023. "Exploiting the Waste Biomass of Durian Shell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production at Room Temperature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1760-:d:1039861
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