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Burnout: A Review of Theory and Measurement

Author

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  • Sergio Edú-Valsania

    (Department of Social Sciences, Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes (UEMC), C/Padre Julio Chevalier, 2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain)

  • Ana Laguía

    (Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Juan A. Moriano

    (Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Juan del Rosal 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

A growing body of empirical evidence shows that occupational health is now more relevant than ever due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on burnout, an occupational phenomenon that results from chronic stress in the workplace. After analyzing how burnout occurs and its different dimensions, the following aspects are discussed: (1) Description of the factors that can trigger burnout and the individual factors that have been proposed to modulate it, (2) identification of the effects that burnout generates at both individual and organizational levels, (3) presentation of the main actions that can be used to prevent and/or reduce burnout, and (4) recapitulation of the main tools that have been developed so far to measure burnout, both from a generic perspective or applied to specific occupations. Furthermore, this review summarizes the main contributions of the papers that comprise the Special Issue on “Occupational Stress and Health: Psychological Burden and Burnout”, which represent an advance in the theoretical and practical understanding of burnout.

Suggested Citation

  • Sergio Edú-Valsania & Ana Laguía & Juan A. Moriano, 2022. "Burnout: A Review of Theory and Measurement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1780-:d:742192
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marcelo Demarzo & Javier García-Campayo & David Martínez-Rubio & Adrián Pérez-Aranda & Joao Luiz Miraglia & Marcio Sussumu Hirayama & Vera Morais Antonio de Salvo & Karen Cicuto & Maria Lucia Favarato, 2020. "Frenetic, under-Challenged, and Worn-out Burnout Subtypes among Brazilian Primary Care Personnel: Validation of the Brazilian “Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire” (BCSQ-36/BCSQ-12)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Holger Raúl Barriga Medina & Ronald Campoverde Aguirre & David Coello-Montecel & Paola Ochoa Pacheco & Milton Ismael Paredes-Aguirre, 2021. "The Influence of Work–Family Conflict on Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Teleworking Overload," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-22, September.
    3. Pablo A. Lizana & Gustavo Vega-Fernadez, 2021. "Teacher Teleworking during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association between Work Hours, Work–Family Balance and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
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    1. Rogie Royce Carandang & Forter Puguon Jr. & Mary Louisse Santos & Elizabeth Ilagan & Kellie Gwyneth Gamboa & Jose Gerardo Aquino, 2024. "Burnout and Turnover Intention Among Community and Hospital Pharmacists in Metro Manila, Philippines," Merits, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Zhikun Yue & Xungang Zheng & Shasha Zhang & Linling Zhong & Wang Zhang, 2024. "Influencing Path of Consumer Digital Hoarding Behavior on E-Commerce Platforms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Lev S. Mazelis & Kirill I. Lavrenyuk & Gleb V. Grenkin, 2023. "Analysis of the Relation Between Expectation of Employees from Corporate Environment and their Burnout," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 22(4), pages 1034-1055.
    4. Kristen du Bois & Philippe Sterkens & Louis Lippens & Stijn Baert & Eva Derous, 2023. "Beyond the Hype: (How) Are Work Regimes Associated with Job Burnout?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-11, February.
    5. Jenna Saud & John Rice, 2024. "Stress, Teamwork, and Wellbeing Policies: A Synergistic Approach to Reducing Burnout in Public Sector Organizations," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-19, November.
    6. da Silva, Filipa Pires & Jerónimo, Helena Mateus & Henriques, Paulo Lopes & Ribeiro, Joana, 2024. "Impact of digital burnout on the use of digital consumer platforms," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    7. Dáilet Fredes-Collarte & Víctor Olivares-Faúndez & José Carlos Sánchez-García & Jenniffer Peralta Montecinos, 2024. "Work Satisfaction and Its Relationship with Burnout and Its Consequences, Using a Structural Model, in Air Cabin Crew Members," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-16, November.
    8. Katarzyna Tomaszewska & Bożena Majchrowicz & Katarzyna Snarska & Beata Guzak, 2023. "Psychosocial Burden and Quality of Life of Surveyed Nurses during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-11, January.
    9. Svala Gudmundsdottir & Karen Larsen & Melissa Woods Nelson & Jarka Devine Mildorf & Dorota Molek-Winiarska, 2023. "Burnout and Resilience in Foreign Service Spouses during the Pandemic, and the Role of Organizational Support," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
    10. Siw Tone Innstrand, 2022. "Burnout among Health Care Professionals during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-13, September.
    11. Remus Sibisanu & Stanislav Cseminschi & Andreea Ionica & Monica Leba & Anca Draghici & Yunis Nassar, 2024. "Investigating School Principals’ Burnout: A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Stress, Sustainability, and Organizational Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-17, August.
    12. Rosa María Diaz Vizcaya & María José Rodríguez Rivas & Helia Mariño Méndez & María Teresa Alvés Pérez & José López Castro, 2023. "Euro-Burn I: Assessment of burnout syndrome in health workers in a mediterranean country during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 69(7), pages 1682-1692, November.
    13. Chenhui Ouyang & Yongyue Zhu & Zhiqiang Ma & Xinyi Qian, 2022. "Why Employees Experience Burnout: An Explanation of Illegitimate Tasks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-18, July.
    14. Lev S. Mazelis & Gleb V. Grenkin & Kirill I. Lavrenyuk, 2024. "Model of the Influence of Employee Competencies on Performance Considering Burnout," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 23(1), pages 227-250.
    15. Laura Petitta & Valerio Ghezzi, 2023. "Remote, Disconnected, or Detached? Examining the Effects of Psychological Disconnectedness and Cynicism on Employee Performance, Wellbeing, and Work–Family Interface," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(13), pages 1-24, July.
    16. Lea Simms & Katherine E. Ottman & James L. Griffith & Michael G. Knight & Lorenzo Norris & Viktoriya Karakcheyeva & Brandon A. Kohrt, 2023. "Psychosocial Peer Support to Address Mental Health and Burnout of Health Care Workers Affected by COVID-19: A Qualitative Evaluation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, March.
    17. Gregor Wolbring & Aspen Lillywhite, 2023. "Burnout through the Lenses of Equity/Equality, Diversity and Inclusion and Disabled People: A Scoping Review," Societies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-31, May.

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