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Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis

Author

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  • Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain)

  • Idoia Legorburu Fernnadez

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain)

  • Darren M. Lipnicki

    (Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

  • Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon

    (Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain)

  • Javier Santabárbara

    (Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology, and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain)

Abstract

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many studies have found that there has been a lot of teacher overload. One of the additional burdens has been that they have had to teach online. In addition, when they returned to face-to-face classes, they had to follow all the hygiene rules so that the COVID-19 virus would not spread. It is therefore not surprising that, during this pandemic period, high levels of psychological symptoms have been reported among teachers. Among this symptomatology, burnout has been very frequent among teachers. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence of burnout among teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a search was conducted for cross-sectional studies listed in PubMed from 1 December 2019 to 14 February 2022 that reported on the prevalence of burnout among teachers. A total of nine studies from eight different countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America, were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of burnout among teachers was 52% (95% CI 33–71%), which is higher than burnout rates reported for health professionals. There was significant heterogeneity between studies ( I 2 = 99%, p -value < 0.001), and the prevalence of burnout was higher in women and school teachers (compared to university educators), and lower in American studies. This meta-analysis concludes that teachers worldwide experienced a high rate of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. This has implications not only for the teachers themselves, but also for the quality of the education they were able to provide. This education has an influence on the student population. The possible long-term effects are yet to be determined.

Suggested Citation

  • Naiara Ozamiz-Etxebarria & Idoia Legorburu Fernnadez & Darren M. Lipnicki & Nahia Idoiaga Mondragon & Javier Santabárbara, 2023. "Prevalence of Burnout among Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:6:p:4866-:d:1093042
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carla Miguel & Luísa Castro & José Paulo Marques dos Santos & Carla Serrão & Ivone Duarte, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on Medicine Lecturers’ Mental Health and Emergency Remote Teaching Challenges," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-18, June.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Ioulia Solomou & Fofi Constantinidou, 2020. "Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Pablo A. Lizana & Gustavo Vega-Fernadez, 2021. "Teacher Teleworking during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association between Work Hours, Work–Family Balance and Quality of Life," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-11, July.
    5. Laura Sánchez-Pujalte & Diego Navarro Mateu & Edgardo Etchezahar & Talía Gómez Yepes, 2021. "Teachers’ Burnout during COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Trait Emotional Intelligence and Socioemotional Competencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-11, June.
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    1. Zehra Altinay & Batuhan Bicentürk, 2023. "Constructing Sustainable Learning Ecology to Overcome Burnout of Teachers: Perspective of Organizational Identity and Locus of Control," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-23, December.

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