IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v17y2020i10p3747-d362842.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Yan Hong

    (School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci–Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Gangwei Cai

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    Zhejiang Province-Subordinate Architectural Design Institute, Hangzhou 310058, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Zhoujin Mo

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co, Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China)

  • Weijun Gao

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8080135, Japan)

  • Lei Xu

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China)

  • Yuanxing Jiang

    (Zhejiang Tongji Vocational College of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 311231, China)

  • Jinming Jiang

    (Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8080135, Japan)

Abstract

After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance–performance analysis (IPA).

Suggested Citation

  • Yan Hong & Gangwei Cai & Zhoujin Mo & Weijun Gao & Lei Xu & Yuanxing Jiang & Jinming Jiang, 2020. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3747-:d:362842
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/10/3747/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/10/3747/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Gangwei Cai & Lei Xu & Weijun Gao & Yan Hong & Xiaoyu Ying & Yan Wang & Fanyue Qian, 2020. "The Positive Impacts of Exhibition-Driven Tourism on Sustainable Tourism, Economics, and Population: The Case of the Echigo–Tsumari Art Triennale in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Abalo, Javier & Varela, Jesus & Manzano, Vicente, 2007. "Importance values for Importance-Performance Analysis: A formula for spreading out values derived from preference rankings," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(2), pages 115-121, February.
    3. Gianrico Spagnuolo & Danila De Vito & Sandro Rengo & Marco Tatullo, 2020. "COVID-19 Outbreak: An Overview on Dentistry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-3, March.
    4. Muhammad Asif & Arif Jameel & Noman Sahito & Jinsoo Hwang & Abid Hussain & Faiza Manzoor, 2019. "Can Leadership Enhance Patient Satisfaction? Assessing the Role of Administrative and Medical Quality," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Lee Cronbach, 1951. "Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 16(3), pages 297-334, September.
    6. Lin Xiao & Chuanmin Mi & Yetian Chen & Lihua Huang, 2019. "Understanding the Determinants of Consumer Satisfaction With B&B Hotels: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach," International Journal of Web Services Research (IJWSR), IGI Global, vol. 16(4), pages 21-39, October.
    7. Zhong Sun & Karuppiah Thilakavathy & S. Suresh Kumar & Guozhong He & Shi V. Liu, 2020. "Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-11, March.
    8. Kurt Matzler & Elmar Sauerwein & Kenneth Heischmidt, 2003. "Importance-performance analysis revisited: the role of the factor structure of customer satisfaction," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(2), pages 112-129, March.
    9. Sangmook Lee & Hyebin Park & Yoonyoung Ahn, 2019. "The Influence of Tourists’ Experience of Quality of Street Foods on Destination’s Image, Life Satisfaction, and Word of Mouth: The Moderating Impact of Food Neophobia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Angela Napoli & Dorian A. Lamis & Isabella Berardelli & Valeria Canzonetta & Salvatore Sarubbi & Elena Rogante & Pietro-Luca Napoli & Gianluca Serafini & Denise Erbuto & Renata Tambelli & Mario Amore , 2020. "Anxiety, Prenatal Attachment, and Depressive Symptoms in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    11. Sheryl E. Kimes & James A. Fitzsimmons, 1990. "Selecting Profitable Hotel Sites at La Quinta Motor Inns," Interfaces, INFORMS, vol. 20(2), pages 12-20, April.
    12. Lai, Ivan Ka Wai & Hitchcock, Michael, 2015. "Importance–performance analysis in tourism: A framework for researchers," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 242-267.
    13. Yingfei Zhang & Zheng Feei Ma, 2020. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Local Residents in Liaoning Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-12, March.
    14. Haoying Han & Noman Sahito & Thuy Van Thi Nguyen & Jinsoo Hwang & Muhammad Asif, 2019. "Exploring the Features of Sustainable Urban Form and the Factors that Provoke Shoppers towards Shopping Malls," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-20, September.
    15. Ion Popa & Simona Cătălina Ștefan, 2019. "Modeling the Pathways of Knowledge Management Towards Social and Economic Outcomes of Health Organizations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-21, March.
    16. Lyu, Seong Ok & Hwang, Jinsoo, 2015. "Are the days of tourist information centers gone? Effects of the ubiquitous information environment," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 54-63.
    17. Han, Heesup & Hyun, Sunghyup Sean, 2018. "What influences water conservation and towel reuse practices of hotel guests?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 87-97.
    18. Varvara A. Mouchtouri & Eleni P. Christoforidou & Maria an der Heiden & Cinthia Menel Lemos & Margherita Fanos & Ute Rexroth & Ulrike Grote & Evelien Belfroid & Corien Swaan & Christos Hadjichristodou, 2019. "Exit and Entry Screening Practices for Infectious Diseases among Travelers at Points of Entry: Looking for Evidence on Public Health Impact," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-53, November.
    19. Giancarlo Giupponi & Marco Innamorati & Elena Rogante & Salvatore Sarubbi & Denise Erbuto & Ignazio Maniscalco & Livia Sanna & Andreas Conca & David Lester & Maurizio Pompili, 2020. "The Characteristics of Mood Polarity, Temperament, and Suicide Risk in Adult ADHD," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-10, April.
    20. Gianluca Serafini & Valentina Maria Parisi & Andrea Aguglia & Andrea Amerio & Gaia Sampogna & Andrea Fiorillo & Maurizio Pompili & Mario Amore, 2020. "A Specific Inflammatory Profile Underlying Suicide Risk? Systematic Review of the Main Literature Findings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-22, April.
    21. Kwang-Ho Lee & Sunghyup Sean Hyun & Haeik Park & Kwangyong Kim, 2020. "The Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological Safety in Airline Firms: Focusing on High-Quality Interpersonal Relationships," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-19, March.
    22. Chengcai Tang & Qianqian Zheng & Pin Ng, 2019. "A Study on the Coordinative Green Development of Tourist Experience and Commercialization of Tourism at Cultural Heritage Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(17), pages 1-19, August.
    23. Muhammad Asif & Miao Qing & Jinsoo Hwang & Hao Shi, 2019. "Ethical Leadership, Affective Commitment, Work Engagement, and Creativity: Testing a Multiple Mediation Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-16, August.
    24. Shahida Kanwel & Zhou Lingqiang & Muhammad Asif & Jinsoo Hwang & Abid Hussain & Arif Jameel, 2019. "The Influence of Destination Image on Tourist Loyalty and Intention to Visit: Testing a Multiple Mediation Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-19, November.
    25. Alberto Forte & Federico Trobia & Flavia Gualtieri & Dorian A. Lamis & Giuseppe Cardamone & Vincenzo Giallonardo & Andrea Fiorillo & Paolo Girardi & Maurizio Pompili, 2018. "Suicide Risk among Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities: A Literature Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-21, July.
    26. Sijia Li & Yilin Wang & Jia Xue & Nan Zhao & Tingshao Zhu, 2020. "The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic Declaration on Psychological Consequences: A Study on Active Weibo Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-9, March.
    27. Chen, Ching-Fu & Chen, Fu-Shian, 2010. "Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 29-35.
    28. Abid Hussain & Muhammad Safdar Sial & Sardar Muhammad Usman & Jinsoo Hwang & Yushi Jiang & Awaisra Shafiq, 2019. "What Factors Affect Patient Satisfaction in Public Sector Hospitals: Evidence from an Emerging Economy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, March.
    29. Ziegler, Jackie & Dearden, Philip & Rollins, Rick, 2012. "But are tourists satisfied? Importance-performance analysis of the whale shark tourism industry on Isla Holbox, Mexico," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 692-701.
    30. Jinsoo Hwang & Hyunjoon Kim, 2019. "Consequences of a green image of drone food delivery services: The moderating role of gender and age," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(5), pages 872-884, July.
    31. Havlena, William J & Holbrook, Morris B, 1986. "The Varieties of Consumption Experience: Comparing Two Typologies of Emotion in Consumer Behavior," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 13(3), pages 394-404, December.
    32. Sever, Ivan, 2015. "Importance-performance analysis: A valid management tool?," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 43-53.
    33. Isabella Berardelli & Salvatore Sarubbi & Dorian A. Lamis & Elena Rogante & Valeria Canzonetta & Andrea Negro & Martina Guglielmetti & Alice Sparagna & Valerio De Angelis & Denise Erbuto & Maurizio Po, 2019. "Job Satisfaction Mediates the Association between Perceived Disability and Work Productivity in Migraine Headache Patients," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-9, September.
    34. Muhammad Asif & Arif Jameel & Abid Hussain & Jinsoo Hwang & Noman Sahito, 2019. "Linking Transformational Leadership with Nurse-Assessed Adverse Patient Outcomes and the Quality of Care: Assessing the Role of Job Satisfaction and Structural Empowerment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-15, July.
    35. Ivan Paunović & Verka Jovanović, 2017. "Implementation of Sustainable Tourism in the German Alps: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-15, February.
    36. Heesup Han & Soyeun Lee & Sunghyup Sean Hyun, 2019. "Role of Internal and External Museum Environment in Increasing Visitors’ Cognitive/Affective/Healthy Experiences and Loyalty," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-15, November.
    37. Yanchun Jin & Yoonseo Park, 2019. "An Integrated Approach to Determining Rural Tourist Satisfaction Factors Using the IPA and Conjoint Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-16, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cai, Gangwei & Xu, Binyan & Lu, Feidong & Lu, Ye, 2023. "The promotion strategies and dynamic evaluation model of exhibition-driven sustainable tourism based on previous/prospective tourist satisfaction after COVID-19," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    2. Ramón Rueda López & Teresa López-Felipe & Virginia Navajas-Romero & Antonio Menor-Campos, 2021. "Lessons from the First Wave of COVID-19. What Security Measures Do Women and Men Require from the Hotel Industry to Protect against the Pandemic?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Xin Li & Peixin Lu & Lianting Hu & Tianhui Huang & Long Lu, 2020. "Factors Associated with Mental Health Results among Workers with Income Losses Exposed to COVID-19 in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(15), pages 1-11, August.
    4. Gangwei Cai & Baoping Zou & Xiaoting Chi & Xincheng He & Yuang Guo & Wen Jiang & Qian Wu & Yujin Zhang & Yanna Zhou, 2023. "Neighborhood Spatio-Temporal Impacts of SDG 8.9: The Case of Urban and Rural Exhibition-Driven Tourism by Multiple Methods," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-37, January.
    5. Amra Čaušević, 2023. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Travel Behavior and Travel Mode Preferences: The Example of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-32, July.
    6. Kyungsik Kim & Yongdi Wang & Jianmin Shi & Wangda Guo & Zixiang Zhou & Zhaoyong Liu, 2023. "Structural Relationship between Ecotourism Motivation, Satisfaction, Place Attachment, and Environmentally Responsible Behavior Intention in Nature-Based Camping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-22, May.
    7. Wei Chen & Yijun Shi & Liwen Fan & Lijun Huang & Jingyi Gao, 2021. "Influencing Factors of Public Satisfaction with COVID-19 Prevention Services Based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM): A Study of Nanjing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-18, December.
    8. Ting Sun & Tai Huang, 2022. "Research of Glamping Tourism Based on the Aesthetics of Atmosphere," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    9. Yulu Zhao & Xinye Xu & Gangwei Cai & Zhetao Hu & Yan Hong, 2022. "Promoting Strategies for Healthy Environments in University Halls of Residence under Regular Epidemic Prevention and Control: An Importance—Performance Analysis from Zhejiang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(23), pages 1-19, November.
    10. Georgios Lazaridis & Dimitris Panaretos & Antonia Matalas, 2022. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Food-Related Behaviour of Tourists Visiting Greece," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-22, September.
    11. Gangwei Cai & Min Zhang & Xiandu Zhang & Huijian Xi & Zhong Chen & Chao Liu & Kang Liu & Ke Liu & Shiwen Xu & Zuoping Yu, 2023. "Promoting Green Buildings and Low-Carbon Design Strategies of Green B&B Rooms for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Luz Natalia Tobón Perilla & Elena Urquía Grande & Elisa Isabel Cano Montero, 2022. "Economic and Organizational Impact of COVID-19 on Colombia’s Tourism Sector," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-21, October.
    13. Yan Hu & Feng Lin & Qizhen Dong & Young-joo Ahn, 2024. "Exploring Cultural and Heritage Attributes at Mount Yunqiu, China, Using Importance–Performance Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-21, June.
    14. Shiqi Zhang & Tianwei Sun & Yuan Lu, 2023. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Tourists’ Risk Perceptions: Tourism Policies’ Mediating Role in Sustainable and Resilient Recovery in the New Normal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-20, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cai, Gangwei & Xu, Binyan & Lu, Feidong & Lu, Ye, 2023. "The promotion strategies and dynamic evaluation model of exhibition-driven sustainable tourism based on previous/prospective tourist satisfaction after COVID-19," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    2. Jih-Kuang Chen, 2021. "A New Approach for Diagonal Line Model of Importance-Performance Analysis: A Case Study of Tourist Satisfaction in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(1), pages 21582440219, January.
    3. Michele Preziosi & Alessia Acampora & Maria Claudia Lucchetti & Roberto Merli, 2022. "Delighting Hotel Guests with Sustainability: Revamping Importance-Performance Analysis in the Light of the Three-Factor Theory of Customer Satisfaction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Esmailpour, Javad & Aghabayk, Kayvan & Abrari Vajari, Mohammad & De Gruyter, Chris, 2020. "Importance – Performance Analysis (IPA) of bus service attributes: A case study in a developing country," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 129-150.
    5. Gangwei Cai & Yan Hong & Lei Xu & Weijun Gao & Ka Wang & Xiaoting Chi, 2020. "An Evaluation of Green Ryokans through a Tourism Accommodation Survey and Customer-Satisfaction-Related CASBEE–IPA after COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, December.
    6. Guizzardi, Andrea & Stacchini, Annalisa, 2017. "Destinations strategic groups via Multivariate Competition-based IPA," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 40-50.
    7. Jinsoo Hwang & Jinkyung Jenny Kim & Jenni Soo-Hee Lee & Noman Sahito, 2020. "How to Form Wellbeing Perception and Its Outcomes in the Context of Elderly Tourism: Moderating Role of Tour Guide Services," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Abid Hussain & Muhammad Asif & Arif Jameel & Jinsoo Hwang & Noman Sahito & Shahida Kanwel, 2019. "Promoting OPD Patient Satisfaction through Different Healthcare Determinants: A Study of Public Sector Hospitals," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-12, October.
    9. Arif Jameel & Muhammad Asif & Abid Hussain & Jinsoo Hwang & Mussawar Hussain Bukhari & Sidra Mubeen & Insin Kim, 2019. "Improving Patient behavioral Consent through Different Service Quality Dimensions: Assessing the Mediating Role of Patient Satisfaction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-13, November.
    10. Faiza Manzoor & Longbao Wei & Abid Hussain & Muhammad Asif & Syed Irshad Ali Shah, 2019. "Patient Satisfaction with Health Care Services; An Application of Physician’s Behavior as a Moderator," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-16, September.
    11. Yanchun Jin & Yoonseo Park, 2019. "An Integrated Approach to Determining Rural Tourist Satisfaction Factors Using the IPA and Conjoint Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Hyunjoon Kim & Jinkyung Jenny Kim & Muhammad Asif, 2019. "The Antecedents and Consequences of Travelers’ Well-Being Perceptions: Focusing on Chinese Tourist Shopping at a Duty Free," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-22, December.
    13. Seungju Nam & Hyun Cheol Lee, 2019. "A Text Analytics-Based Importance Performance Analysis and Its Application to Airline Service," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-24, November.
    14. Gangwei Cai & Baoping Zou & Xiaoting Chi & Xincheng He & Yuang Guo & Wen Jiang & Qian Wu & Yujin Zhang & Yanna Zhou, 2023. "Neighborhood Spatio-Temporal Impacts of SDG 8.9: The Case of Urban and Rural Exhibition-Driven Tourism by Multiple Methods," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-37, January.
    15. Pumpe, Andreas & Vallée, Franz, 2015. "The Total Landed Cost Concept. Begging for Answers," Chapters from the Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), in: Blecker, Thorsten & Kersten, Wolfgang & Ringle, Christian M. (ed.), Operational Excellence in Logistics and Supply Chains: Optimization Methods, Data-driven Approaches and Security Insights. Proceedings of the Hamburg , volume 22, pages 31-54, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Business Logistics and General Management.
    16. Faiza Manzoor & Longbao Wei & Muhammad Asif & Muhammad Zia ul Haq & Hafiz ur Rehman, 2019. "The Contribution of Sustainable Tourism to Economic Growth and Employment in Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-14, October.
    17. Lai, Ivan Ka Wai & Hitchcock, Michael, 2015. "Importance–performance analysis in tourism: A framework for researchers," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 242-267.
    18. Abid Hussain & Mingxing Li & Shahida Kanwel & Muhammad Asif & Arif Jameel & Jinsoo Hwang, 2023. "Impact of Tourism Satisfaction and Service Quality on Destination Loyalty: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach concerning China Resort Hotels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, May.
    19. Gangwei Cai & Min Zhang & Xiandu Zhang & Huijian Xi & Zhong Chen & Chao Liu & Kang Liu & Ke Liu & Shiwen Xu & Zuoping Yu, 2023. "Promoting Green Buildings and Low-Carbon Design Strategies of Green B&B Rooms for Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-17, March.
    20. Muhammad Asif & Muhammad Ali Hussain & Shazia Humayun & Muhammad Awais & Mingxing Li, 2023. "Investigating the Role of Ethical Leadership on Employee Innovativeness through Bottom-Up Job Redesigning: Self-Leadership as a Catalyst," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-12, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:10:p:3747-:d:362842. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.