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Flywheel Energy Storage for Automotive Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Magnus Hedlund

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Johan Lundin

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Juan De Santiago

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Johan Abrahamsson

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

  • Hans Bernhoff

    (Division for Electricity, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Uppsala 752 37, Sweden)

Abstract

A review of flywheel energy storage technology was made, with a special focus on the progress in automotive applications. We found that there are at least 26 university research groups and 27 companies contributing to flywheel technology development. Flywheels are seen to excel in high-power applications, placing them closer in functionality to supercapacitors than to batteries. Examples of flywheels optimized for vehicular applications were found with a specific power of 5.5 kW/kg and a specific energy of 3.5 Wh/kg. Another flywheel system had 3.15 kW/kg and 6.4 Wh/kg, which can be compared to a state-of-the-art supercapacitor vehicular system with 1.7 kW/kg and 2.3 Wh/kg, respectively. Flywheel energy storage is reaching maturity, with 500 flywheel power buffer systems being deployed for London buses (resulting in fuel savings of over 20%), 400 flywheels in operation for grid frequency regulation and many hundreds more installed for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) applications. The industry estimates the mass-production cost of a specific consumer-car flywheel system to be 2000 USD. For regular cars, this system has been shown to save 35% fuel in the U.S. Federal Test Procedure (FTP) drive cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Magnus Hedlund & Johan Lundin & Juan De Santiago & Johan Abrahamsson & Hans Bernhoff, 2015. "Flywheel Energy Storage for Automotive Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-28, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:8:y:2015:i:10:p:10636-10663:d:56400
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Björn Nykvist & Måns Nilsson, 2015. "Rapidly falling costs of battery packs for electric vehicles," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 329-332, April.
    2. Johan Abrahamsson & Janaína Gonçalves De Oliveira & Juan De Santiago & Johan Lundin & Hans Bernhoff, 2012. "On the Efficiency of a Two-Power-Level Flywheel-Based All-Electric Driveline," Energies, MDPI, vol. 5(8), pages 1-24, August.
    3. Bolund, Björn & Bernhoff, Hans & Leijon, Mats, 2007. "Flywheel energy and power storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 235-258, February.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Bai, Shengxi & Liu, Chunhua, 2021. "Overview of energy harvesting and emission reduction technologies in hybrid electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    5. Magnus Hedlund & Tobias Kamf & Juan De Santiago & Johan Abrahamsson & Hans Bernhoff, 2017. "Reluctance Machine for a Hollow Cylinder Flywheel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Bizon, Nicu, 2018. "Effective mitigation of the load pulses by controlling the battery/SMES hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 459-473.
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    9. Venelin Jivkov & Vutko Draganov, 2018. "Theoretical Study and Experimental Validation of a Hydrostatic Transmission Control for a City Bus Hybrid Driveline with Kinetic Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-22, August.
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    11. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Hybrid power sources (HPSs) for space applications: Analysis of PEMFC/Battery/SMES HPS under unknown load containing pulses," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 14-37.
    12. Joni Dewanto & Oegik Soegihardjo, 2020. "Organizing Decision-Making Support System Based Multi-Dimensional Analysis of the Educational Process Data," Journal of ICT, Design, Engineering and Technological Science, Juhriyansyah Dalle, vol. 4(1), pages 6-11.
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    14. Philipp Glücker & Klaus Kivekäs & Jari Vepsäläinen & Panagiotis Mouratidis & Maximilian Schneider & Stephan Rinderknecht & Kari Tammi, 2021. "Prolongation of Battery Lifetime for Electric Buses through Flywheel Integration," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-19, February.
    15. Giampieri, A. & Ling-Chin, J. & Ma, Z. & Smallbone, A. & Roskilly, A.P., 2020. "A review of the current automotive manufacturing practice from an energy perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(C).
    16. Elhoussin Elbouchikhi & Yassine Amirat & Gilles Feld & Mohamed Benbouzid & Zhibin Zhou, 2020. "A Lab-scale Flywheel Energy Storage System: Control Strategy and Domestic Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-23, February.
    17. Giuseppe Fabri & Antonio Ometto & Marco Villani & Gino D’Ovidio, 2022. "A Battery-Free Sustainable Powertrain Solution for Hydrogen Fuel Cell City Transit Bus Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, April.

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