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Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review

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  • Azzaz, Ahmed Amine
  • Khiari, Besma
  • Jellali, Salah
  • Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei
  • Jeguirim, Mejdi

Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet solid wastes has been pointed out as an eco-friendly, flexible and highly efficient technology for the sustainable valorization of multiple sourced wastes. In this review paper, most recent studies on hydrochars (solid residue of the HTC process) production, characterization and application for wastewaters treatment was summarized and deeply discussed. The role of initial feedstock source nature and characteristics as well as the HTC experimental conditions including the temperature, the residence time and the pH media was assessed. Physical and chemical activation methods including the use of oxygen, steam, microwave, acids, alkaline, organics and salty solutions for the improvement of the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrochars are compared. The efficiency of these raw/modified hydrochars along with the involved mechanisms during organic (dyes) and mineral pollutants (heavy metals and nutrients) removal from aqueous solutions is also reviewed. Finally, this paper addresses the main challenges and also demonstrates insights on new directions for hydrochars research and development in the future.

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  • Azzaz, Ahmed Amine & Khiari, Besma & Jellali, Salah & Ghimbeu, Camélia Matei & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2020. "Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:127:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120301751
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.109882
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    2. Dilvin Cebi & Melih Soner Celiktas & Hasan Sarptas, 2022. "A Review on Sewage Sludge Valorization via Hydrothermal Carbonization and Applications for Circular Economy," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 1345-1367, December.
    3. Wilk, Małgorzata & Śliz, Maciej & Gajek, Marcin, 2021. "The effects of hydrothermal carbonization operating parameters on high-value hydrochar derived from beet pulp," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 216-228.
    4. Chang, Boon Peng & Rodriguez-Uribe, Arturo & Mohanty, Amar K. & Misra, Manjusri, 2021. "A comprehensive review of renewable and sustainable biosourced carbon through pyrolysis in biocomposites uses: Current development and future opportunity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    5. Sebastian Paczkowski & Victoria Knappe & Marta Paczkowska & Luis Alonzo Diaz Robles & Dirk Jaeger & Stefan Pelz, 2021. "Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) Improves the Combustion Properties of Short-Rotation Coppice Willow Wood by Reducing Emission Precursors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Joanna Mikusińska & Monika Kuźnia & Klaudia Czerwińska & Małgorzata Wilk, 2023. "Hydrothermal Carbonization of Digestate Produced in the Biogas Production Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-18, July.
    7. Jellali, Salah & Khiari, Besma & Usman, Muhammad & Hamdi, Helmi & Charabi, Yassine & Jeguirim, Mejdi, 2021. "Sludge-derived biochars: A review on the influence of synthesis conditions on pollutants removal efficiency from wastewaters," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    8. Leslie Lara-Ramos & Ana Cervera-Mata & Jesús Fernández-Bayo & Miguel Navarro-Alarcón & Gabriel Delgado & Alejandro Fernández-Arteaga, 2023. "Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Md Tahmid Islam & Al Ibtida Sultana & Cadianne Chambers & Swarna Saha & Nepu Saha & Kawnish Kirtania & M. Toufiq Reza, 2022. "Recent Progress on Emerging Applications of Hydrochar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-45, December.

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