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Investigating the Effects of Ultrasonic Frequency and Membrane Technology on Biodiesel Production from Chicken Waste

Author

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  • Seyyedeh Faezeh Mirab Haghighi

    (Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71345, Iran)

  • Payam Parvasi

    (Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71345, Iran)

  • Seyyed Mohammad Jokar

    (Department of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 71345, Iran)

  • Angelo Basile

    (Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNRITM), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C c/o University of Calabria, Rende 87036, CS, Italy)

Abstract

In this study, the experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to evaluate the effect of ultrasound waves on biodiesel production from chicken feet oil. A two-step esterification–transesterification mechanism was employed to improve the biodiesel quality. The continuous (methanol-to-oil molar ratio and KOH catalyst amount) and discrete (frequencies, 25 and 45 kHz) variables were investigated using the experimental design method. The five-level three-factor response surface method (RSM) was assisted to optimize the biodiesel synthesis variables. Applying RSM based on the central composite design (CCD), a polynomial equation was fitted to the experimental data with the aid of Design-Expert software. The model accuracy was checked by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed the highest yield of 89.74% could be achieved by using an M/O molar ratio of 12, a KOH concentration of 1 wt%, and an ultrasound frequency of 45 kHz. Finally, a mathematical model of biodiesel production in a membrane system was developed. The reaction rate constant was calculated as a function of ultrasonic frequency. Compared with the conventional method, the membrane system has significantly improved chicken feet biodiesel production’s reaction rate. The membrane is more effective at higher frequencies than at lower ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Seyyedeh Faezeh Mirab Haghighi & Payam Parvasi & Seyyed Mohammad Jokar & Angelo Basile, 2021. "Investigating the Effects of Ultrasonic Frequency and Membrane Technology on Biodiesel Production from Chicken Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2133-:d:534039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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