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Biodiesel purification using biomass-based adsorbent manufactured from delignified olive cake residues

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  • Sandouqa, Arwa
  • Al-Shannag, Mohammad
  • Al-Hamamre, Zayed

Abstract

In this work, olive cake was treated by applying the alkali hydrolysis process in order to produce an adsorbent material for biodiesel purification. The treatment was performed with an aqueous solution of 7.5 wt% NaOH in a solid-to-liquid mass ratio of 1:6 at 90 °C followed by filtration, washing, drying, and sieving. The structure and composition of the delignified residue were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, BET, and SEM analysis to better understand its properties as an adsorbent. The study revealed that using an adsorbent of size <90-μm, 2 wt% adsorbent to biodiesel ratio and contact time of 40 min resulted in higher yield and better fuel properties compared to those purified using water washing method. At the same time, such enhanced properties fulfilled the ASTM 6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. Therefore, the alkali residue can act as a replacement for commercial adsorbents for biodiesel purification. Further, the adsorption isotherm of this alkali residue was adequately described by the Freundlich model.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandouqa, Arwa & Al-Shannag, Mohammad & Al-Hamamre, Zayed, 2020. "Biodiesel purification using biomass-based adsorbent manufactured from delignified olive cake residues," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 103-117.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:151:y:2020:i:c:p:103-117
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.009
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    1. Stojković, Ivan J. & Stamenković, Olivera S. & Povrenović, Dragan S. & Veljković, Vlada B., 2014. "Purification technologies for crude biodiesel obtained by alkali-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 1-15.
    2. Sandouqa, Arwa & Al-Hamamre, Zayed & Asfar, Jamil, 2019. "Preparation and performance investigation of a lignin-based solid acid catalyst manufactured from olive cake for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 667-682.
    3. Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A. Abdul, 2011. "Biodiesel separation and purification: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 437-443.
    4. Berrios, M. & Martín, M.A. & Chica, A.F. & Martín, A., 2011. "Purification of biodiesel from used cooking oils," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3625-3631.
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    1. Mohammad Alnaief & Arwa Sandouqa & Ibrahem Altarawneh & Mohammad Al-Shannag & Malek Alkasrawi & Zayed Al-hamamre, 2020. "Adsorption Characteristics and Potential of Olive Cake Alkali Residues for Biodiesel Purification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Rafael Estevez & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Carlos Luna & Juan Calero & Antonio A. Romero & Felipa M. Bautista & Diego Luna, 2022. "Biodiesel Is Dead: Long Life to Advanced Biofuels—A Comprehensive Critical Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-39, April.
    3. Gourich, Wail & Chan, Eng-Seng & Ng, Wei Zhe & Obon, Aaron Anthony & Maran, Kireshwen & Ong, Yi Hui & Lee, Chin Loong & Tan, Jully & Song, Cher Pin, 2022. "Life cycle benefits of enzymatic biodiesel co-produced in palm oil mills from sludge palm oil as renewable fuel for rural electrification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    4. Ziyad, Ben Ahmed & Yousfi, Mohamed & Vander Heyden, Yvan, 2022. "Effects of growing region and maturity stages on oil yield, fatty acid profile and tocopherols of Pistacia atlantica Desf. fruit and their implications on resulting biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 167-181.
    5. Al-Hamamre, Zayed & Sandouqa, Arwa & Al-Saida, Basel & Shawabkeh, Reyad A. & Alnaief, Mohammad, 2023. "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous KNO3/Oil shale ash catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 470-483.

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