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Biodiesel purification using micro and ultrafiltration membranes

Author

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  • Alves, Magno José
  • Nascimento, Suellen Mendonça
  • Pereira, Iara Gomes
  • Martins, Maria Inês
  • Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz
  • Reis, Miria

Abstract

Biodiesel is an environmental-friendly fuel that can replace petroleum diesel. However, after transesterification reaction of vegetable oils, the obtained crude biodiesel must be purified. The commonly applied purification step is water washing. This step is a concern in biodiesel production, since large quantities of clean water are used, generating a wastewater stream to be further treated. Here we propose the application of micro and ultrafiltration processes to purify crude biodiesel. Crude biodiesel was filtrated in a dead-end process at different transmembrane pressures and using membranes of different pore sizes. Flux results showed that greater transmembrane pressures, as well as greater pore sizes, enable greater fluxes. Density, viscosity and acid values of purified biodiesel (washed and filtrated) are in accordance to the international legislation for biodiesel quality. Both processes (water washing and membrane separation) were able to reduce the amount of soap detected in crude biodiesel. However, the proposed microfiltration membranes were not efficient as the washing method to reduce the free glycerol content. The ultrafiltration membrane of 30 kDa was also not able to produce a purified biodiesel according to the international legislation for free glycerol content. Between the analyzed membranes, the glycerol content limit (less than 0.02 wt%) was achieved only with the ultrafiltration membrane of 10 kDa. Water addition in the crude biodiesel improved the glycerol removal by membrane filtration. The obtained results showed that the membrane separation process is a suitable alternative for biodiesel purification.

Suggested Citation

  • Alves, Magno José & Nascimento, Suellen Mendonça & Pereira, Iara Gomes & Martins, Maria Inês & Cardoso, Vicelma Luiz & Reis, Miria, 2013. "Biodiesel purification using micro and ultrafiltration membranes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 15-20.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:58:y:2013:i:c:p:15-20
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.02.035
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    1. Basha, Syed Ameer & Gopal, K. Raja & Jebaraj, S., 2009. "A review on biodiesel production, combustion, emissions and performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1628-1634, August.
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    2. Zhao, Xuebing & Qi, Feng & Yuan, Chongli & Du, Wei & Liu, Dehua, 2015. "Lipase-catalyzed process for biodiesel production: Enzyme immobilization, process simulation and optimization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 182-197.
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    5. Ardi, M.S. & Aroua, M.K. & Hashim, N. Awanis, 2015. "Progress, prospect and challenges in glycerol purification process: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1164-1173.
    6. Seyyedeh Faezeh Mirab Haghighi & Payam Parvasi & Seyyed Mohammad Jokar & Angelo Basile, 2021. "Investigating the Effects of Ultrasonic Frequency and Membrane Technology on Biodiesel Production from Chicken Waste," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Mukhtar, Ahmad & Saqib, Sidra & Mubashir, Muhammad & Ullah, Sami & Inayat, Abrar & Mahmood, Abid & Ibrahim, Muhammad & Show, Pau Loke, 2021. "Mitigation of CO2 emissions by transforming to biofuels: Optimization of biofuels production processes," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    8. Marta Ramos & Ana Paula Soares Dias & Jaime Filipe Puna & João Gomes & João Carlos Bordado, 2019. "Biodiesel Production Processes and Sustainable Raw Materials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-30, November.
    9. Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko & Widayat, Widayat & Utomo, Dani Puji & Pratama, Yulius Harmawan Setya & Arianti, Riska Anindisa Vira, 2020. "Performance evaluation of modified nanohybrid membrane polyethersulfone-nano ZnO (PES-nano ZnO) using three combination effect of PVP, irradiation of ultraviolet and thermal for biodiesel purification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 935-945.
    10. Ennaceri, Houda & Fischer, Kristina & Schulze, Agnes & Moheimani, Navid Reza, 2022. "Membrane fouling control for sustainable microalgal biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).

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