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Numerical Investigation of an RCCI Engine Fueled with Natural Gas/Dimethyl-Ether in Various Injection Strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Ayat Gharehghani

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Alireza Kakoee

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran)

  • Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari

    (Center for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels Research (CAPF), Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
    Vehicle, Fuel and Environment Research Institute (VFERI), School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14399-56191, Iran)

  • Thanos Megaritis

    (Center for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels Research (CAPF), Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK)

  • Apostolos Pesyridis

    (Center for Advanced Powertrain and Fuels Research (CAPF), Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
    College of Engineering, Alasala Colleges, King Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Rd., Dammam 31483, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Reactivity control compression ignition engines illustrated suitable abilities in emission reduction beside high thermal efficiency. In this research, nine various direct fuel injection strategies were studied numerically: three cases with single injection strategy and six cases with split injection and different start of injection (SOI). In all simulated cases, equivalence ratio kept constant (i.e., 0.3). Among various strategies, single injection showed higher IMEP as a factor of efficiency with about 5.39 bar that occurred at SOI = 60 before top dead center (bTDC), while lower efficiency was observed for split injection case with 50%-50% injections of fuel in each injection stage. Start of combustion (SOC), burn duration and CA50 as factors for combustion characteristics were affected with SOI changes. In single SOI strategies, more advanced injection caused more advanced SOC where there was about 1.3 CAD advancing from 40 to 80 bTDC injection. Spilt SOI showed more advanced SOC, which, also more advanced, was allocated to 50%-50% split injection strategy. There was also the same trend in CA50 changes during change in SOI. Burn duration variations were insignificant and all of them approximately close to 4.5 CAD. According to the emissions researched in this study (Nitrogen Oxides (NO x ), monoxide carbon (CO) and unburned hydro carbons (UHC)), all of these pollutants are below euro six diesel standards. Contours of emissions show that there were appropriate SOI for each case study, which were 45 degree bTDC for single strategy, 48 degree bTDC for 80%-20% mass injection and 70 degree bTDC for 50%-50% cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayat Gharehghani & Alireza Kakoee & Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari & Thanos Megaritis & Apostolos Pesyridis, 2021. "Numerical Investigation of an RCCI Engine Fueled with Natural Gas/Dimethyl-Ether in Various Injection Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-25, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:6:p:1638-:d:517335
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Han, Weiqiang & Li, Bolun & Pan, Suozhu & Lu, Yao & Li, Xin, 2018. "Combined effect of inlet pressure, total cycle energy, and start of injection on low load reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion and emission characteristics in a multi-cylinder heavy-d," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 846-858.
    2. Zhu, Lifeng & Qian, Yong & Wang, Xiaole & Lu, Xingcai, 2015. "Effects of direct injection timing and premixed ratio on combustion and emissions characteristics of RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) with N-heptane/gasoline-like fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 383-392.
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    4. Liu, Jie & Wang, Junle & Zhao, Hongbo, 2018. "Optimization of the injection parameters and combustion chamber geometries of a diesel/natural gas RCCI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 837-852.
    5. Gharehghani, Ayatallah & Hosseini, Reza & Mirsalim, Mostafa & Jazayeri, S. Ali & Yusaf, Talal, 2015. "An experimental study on reactivity controlled compression ignition engine fueled with biodiesel/natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 558-567.
    6. Poorghasemi, Kamran & Saray, Rahim Khoshbakhti & Ansari, Ehsan & Irdmousa, Behrouz Khoshbakht & Shahbakhti, Mehdi & Naber, Jeffery D., 2017. "Effect of diesel injection strategies on natural gas/diesel RCCI combustion characteristics in a light duty diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 430-446.
    7. Moradi, Jamshid & Gharehghani, Ayat & Mirsalim, Mostafa, 2020. "Numerical investigation on the effect of oxygen in combustion characteristics and to extend low load operating range of a natural-gas HCCI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    8. Nazemi, M. & Shahbakhti, M., 2016. "Modeling and analysis of fuel injection parameters for combustion and performance of an RCCI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 135-150.
    9. Li, Jing & Ling, Xiang & Liu, Deng & Yang, Wenming & Zhou, Dezhi, 2018. "Numerical study on double injection techniques in a gasoline and biodiesel fueled RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 382-392.
    10. Kakoee, A. & Bakhshan, Y. & Gharehghani, A. & Salahi, M.M., 2019. "Numerical comparative study of hydrogen addition on combustion and emission characteristics of a natural-gas/dimethyl-ether RCCI engine with pre-chamber," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    11. Szwaja, Stanislaw & Jamrozik, Arkadiusz & Tutak, Wojciech, 2013. "A two-stage combustion system for burning lean gasoline mixtures in a stationary spark ignited engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 271-281.
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    Cited by:

    1. Moeed Rabiei & Ayat Gharehghani & Soheil Saeedipour & Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari & Juho Könnö, 2023. "Proposing a Hybrid BTMS Using a Novel Structure of a Microchannel Cold Plate and PCM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Gharehghani, Ayat & Salahi, Mohammad Mahdi & Andwari, Amin Mahmoudzadeh & Mikulski, Maciej & Könnö, Juho, 2023. "Reactivity enhancement of natural gas/diesel RCCI engine by adding ozone species," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    3. Setiawan, Ardhika & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2024. "Investigation of the combustion characteristics of a dual direct injection fuel (diesel-propane) strategy on a rapid compression expansion machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    4. Gharehghani, Ayat & Abbasi, Hamid Reza & Alizadeh, Pouria, 2021. "Application of machine learning tools for constrained multi-objective optimization of an HCCI engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    5. Menaz Ahamed & Apostolos Pesyridis & Jabraeil Ahbabi Saray & Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari & Ayat Gharehghani & Srithar Rajoo, 2023. "Comparative Assessment of sCO2 Cycles, Optimal ORC, and Thermoelectric Generators for Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery Applications from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-21, May.
    6. Inmo Youn & Joonho Jeon, 2022. "Combustion Performance and Low NOx Emissions of a Dimethyl Ether Compression-Ignition Engine at High Injection Pressure and High Exhaust Gas Recirculation Rate," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-11, March.

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