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Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Edison Gundabattini

    (Department of Thermal and Energy Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Arkadiusz Mystkowski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15 351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Adam Idzkowski

    (Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15 351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Raja Singh R.

    (Department of Energy and Power Electronics, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Darius Gnanaraj Solomon

    (Department of Design and Automation, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore 632 014, Tamilnadu, India)

Abstract

This paper gives a comprehensive review of advanced cooling schemes and their applications to the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), as well as investigating the electrical motor’s topologies its thermal design issues, materials and performances. Particularly, the electromagnetic and electric performances, machine sizing, together with the structural design, are given. In addition, the work addresses the motor’s material design and properties along with its insulation performance, which is the main goal of optimization. Mainly, thermal mapping with analysis is provided according to the different cooling methods, including air-cooling, water-cooling, oil-cooling, heat-pipe-cooling, potting silicon gelatin cooling, and as well as cooling strategies for tubes and microchannels. The most common special features and demands of the PMSMs are described in the appearance of the motor’s failures caused by uncontrolled temperature rise. In addition, heat sources and energy losses, including copper loss, core loss versus motor speed, and output power, are analyzed. The review of the proposed cooling methods that will achieve the required heat transfer of the PMSM is presented with numerical simulations and measurements data. A review of numerical methods and results, including the finite element methods (FEM), such as the Ansys CFD software, to obtain a high-accuracy thermal mapping model of the PMSM system is given. The revived methods and design requirements due to PMSM temperature profile and cooling flow at different rotor speeds and torque loads are investigated. Finally, the motor design recommendations, including the newly developed cooling solutions, which enable it to effectively redistribute the temperature and heat transfer, increasing the efficiency of the PMSM machine, are laid out.

Suggested Citation

  • Edison Gundabattini & Arkadiusz Mystkowski & Adam Idzkowski & Raja Singh R. & Darius Gnanaraj Solomon, 2021. "Thermal Mapping of a High-Speed Electric Motor Used for Traction Applications and Analysis of Various Cooling Methods—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-32, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1472-:d:512906
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jilong Zhao & Xiaowei Quan & Mengdie Jing & Mingyao Lin & Nian Li, 2018. "Design, Analysis and Model Predictive Control of an Axial Field Switched-Flux Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicle/Hybrid Electric Vehicle Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
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    8. Da-Chen Pang & Zhen-Jia Shi & Pei-Xuan Xie & Hua-Chih Huang & Gia-Thinh Bui, 2020. "Investigation of an Inset Micro Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Soft Magnetic Composite Material," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-11, August.
    9. Alexandra C. Barmpatza & Joya C. Kappatou, 2018. "Finite Element Method Investigation and Loss Estimation of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Feeding a Non-Linear Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-19, December.
    10. Fulai Guo & Chengning Zhang, 2019. "Oil-Cooling Method of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-11, August.
    11. Thanh Anh Huynh & Min-Fu Hsieh, 2018. "Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Motors for Electric Vehicles (EV) Traction Considering Driving Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-24, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Junjie Zhao & Bin Zhang & Xiaoli Fu & Shenglin Yan, 2021. "Numerical Study on the Influence of Vortex Generator Arrangement on Heat Transfer Enhancement of Oil-Cooled Motor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Zeyang Fan & Hong Yi & Jian Xu & Kun Xie & Yue Qi & Sailin Ren & Hongdong Wang, 2021. "Performance Study and Optimization Design of High-Speed Amorphous Alloy Induction Motor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Gobbi, Massimiliano & Sattar, Aqeab & Palazzetti, Roberto & Mastinu, Gianpiero, 2024. "Traction motors for electric vehicles: Maximization of mechanical efficiency – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    4. Jae-Hyun Kim & Kyoung-Soo Cha & Sung-Woo Hwang & Soo-Gyung Lee & Min-Ro Park & Young-Doo Yoon & Myung-Seop Lim, 2021. "Analysis of Effect of the Magnetization Distribution of Multi-Pole PM on SPMSM Performance Using Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Considering Dead Zone," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-12, June.

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