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A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles

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  • Muhammad Rizalul Wahid

    (Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Purwakarta 41115, Indonesia)

  • Bentang Arief Budiman

    (National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Endra Joelianto

    (Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Muhammad Aziz

    (Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan)

Abstract

Transportation is the second-largest sector contributing to greenhouse gas emissions due to CO 2 gas generation from the combustion of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles (EVs) are believed to be a great solution to overcome this issue. EVs can reduce CO 2 emissions because the vehicles use an electric motor as a propeller instead of an internal combustion engine. Combined with sustainable energy resources, EVs may become zero-emission transportation. This paper presents an overview of the EV drive train types, including their architecture with the benefits and drawbacks of each type. The aim is to summarize the recent progress of EV technology that always continues to be updated. Furthermore, a comparative investigation on energy density and efficiency, specific energy and power, cost, and application is carried out for batteries as the main energy storage. This discussion provides an understanding of the current development of battery technology, especially the batteries used in EVs. Moreover, the electric motor efficiency, power density, fault tolerance, reliability, and cost are also presented, including the most effective electric motor to use in EVs. The challenges and opportunities of EV deployment in the future are then discussed comprehensively. The government regulation for EVs is still a major non-technical challenge, whereas the charging time and battery performance are the challenges for the technical aspect.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Rizalul Wahid & Bentang Arief Budiman & Endra Joelianto & Muhammad Aziz, 2021. "A Review on Drive Train Technologies for Passenger Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6742-:d:657925
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    12. Sharma, Reema Bera & Majumdar, Bandhan Bandhu & Maitra, Bhargab, 2024. "Commuter and non-commuter preferences for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle: A case study of Delhi and Kolkata, India," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    13. Gao, Bingzhao & Meng, Dele & Shi, Wentong & Cai, Wenqi & Dong, Shiying & Zhang, Yuanjian & Chen, Hong, 2022. "Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
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