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Impacts of renewable hydrogen production from wind energy in electricity markets on potential hydrogen demand for light-duty vehicles

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  • Nagasawa, Kazunori
  • Davidson, F. Todd
  • Lloyd, Alan C.
  • Webber, Michael E.

Abstract

This work developed two methods to investigate the technical and economic potential of hydrogen demand and production: (1) estimating potential hydrogen demand for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) at the county-level using a first-order engineering model, and (2) quantifying temporal renewable hydrogen production from wind energy using a linear programming model. The potential hydrogen demand was primarily evaluated for three geographical regions: (1) the United States, (2) Texas, and (3) the Texas Triangle which is one of the nation’s most important mega-regions. The linear programming model compared marginal electricity and hydrogen prices to maximize revenue over the course of a year. The analysis primarily focused on the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), but also included other six U.S. electricity markets for hypothetical analysis. Results show that the potential hydrogen demand for LDVs in the United States, Texas, and the Texas Triangle are 53.3, 5.3, and 3.9 billion kg per year, respectively. Using the electrolyzer system energy efficiency of 75% and the marginal hydrogen price of $4/kg, the wind energy in Texas as of 2015 could produce nearly 0.84 billion kg of hydrogen, which could supply about 22% of the potential hydrogen demand for LDVs in the Texas Triangle. When the marginal hydrogen price is low (e.g. $1/kg), it is only favorable to produce hydrogen during early morning hours, especially, 1–6 a.m., in ERCOT and other electricity markets except California’s market. These results could provide information for decision makers to better understand the holistic feasibility of a hydrogen economy in the United States.

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  • Nagasawa, Kazunori & Davidson, F. Todd & Lloyd, Alan C. & Webber, Michael E., 2019. "Impacts of renewable hydrogen production from wind energy in electricity markets on potential hydrogen demand for light-duty vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1001-1016.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:1001-1016
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.067
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    4. Zhu, Junpeng & Meng, Dexin & Dong, Xiaofeng & Fu, Zhixin & Yuan, Yue, 2023. "An integrated electricity - hydrogen market design for renewable-rich energy system considering mobile hydrogen storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 961-972.
    5. Chauvy, Remi & Dubois, Lionel & Lybaert, Paul & Thomas, Diane & De Weireld, Guy, 2020. "Production of synthetic natural gas from industrial carbon dioxide," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Ahshan, Razzaqul & Onen, Ahmet & Al-Badi, Abdullah H., 2022. "Assessment of wind-to-hydrogen (Wind-H2) generation prospects in the Sultanate of Oman," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 271-282.
    7. Yadav, Deepak & Banerjee, Rangan, 2020. "Net energy and carbon footprint analysis of solar hydrogen production from the high-temperature electrolysis process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    8. Lucian-Ioan Dulău, 2023. "CO 2 Emissions of Battery Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-17, June.
    9. Apostolou, Dimitrios, 2020. "Optimisation of a hydrogen production – storage – re-powering system participating in electricity and transportation markets. A case study for Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    10. Panah, Payam Ghaebi & Bornapour, Mosayeb & Hemmati, Reza & Guerrero, Josep M., 2021. "Charging station Stochastic Programming for Hydrogen/Battery Electric Buses using Multi-Criteria Crow Search Algorithm," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
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