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Lithium-Ion Battery Operation, Degradation, and Aging Mechanism in Electric Vehicles: An Overview

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  • Jia Guo

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
    Department of Material Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Yaqi Li

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
    Department of Material Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Kjeld Pedersen

    (Department of Material Production, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Daniel-Ioan Stroe

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark)

Abstract

Understanding the aging mechanism for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is crucial for optimizing the battery operation in real-life applications. This article gives a systematic description of the LiBs aging in real-life electric vehicle (EV) applications. First, the characteristics of the common EVs and the lithium-ion chemistries used in these applications are described. The battery operation in EVs is then classified into three modes: charging, standby, and driving, which are subsequently described. Finally, the aging behavior of LiBs in the actual charging, standby, and driving modes are reviewed, and the influence of different working conditions are considered. The degradation mechanisms of cathode, electrolyte, and anode during those processes are also discussed. Thus, a systematic analysis of the aging mechanisms of LiBs in real-life EV applications is achieved, providing practical guidance, methods to prolong the battery life for users, battery designers, vehicle manufacturers, and material recovery companies.

Suggested Citation

  • Jia Guo & Yaqi Li & Kjeld Pedersen & Daniel-Ioan Stroe, 2021. "Lithium-Ion Battery Operation, Degradation, and Aging Mechanism in Electric Vehicles: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:17:p:5220-:d:620518
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    1. Kateřina Nováková & Anna Pražanová & Daniel-Ioan Stroe & Vaclav Knap, 2023. "Second-Life of Lithium-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles: Concept, Aging, Testing, and Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-19, February.
    2. Andre Leippi & Markus Fleschutz & Michael D. Murphy, 2022. "A Review of EV Battery Utilization in Demand Response Considering Battery Degradation in Non-Residential Vehicle-to-Grid Scenarios," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-22, April.

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