The design of fast charging strategy for lithium-ion batteries and intelligent application: A comprehensive review

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential components in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, providing the primary power source for these vehicles. The speed at which LIBs can be charged plays a crucial role in determining the charging efficiency and longevity of EVs. Consequently, the Multi-Stage constant current (MSCC) charging strategy is being adopted as a novel solution for EV charging. This strategy has shown potential in reducing charging times, enhancing efficiency, and prolonging the cycle life of LIBs. While the MSCC charging strategy offers various advantages, the complexity arises in the process of establishing the quantity of charging stages, defining the transition criteria between stages, and determining the suitable charging rates for each stage. These factors have a significant influence on the battery's charging efficiency and overall performance. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to conduct a thorough review of the research progress related to MSCC charging strategy, addressing technical issues in its application and proposing solutions. The article initially examines various common charging strategies, followed by an in-depth exploration of the effects of multi-level fast charging strategies on battery life, charging efficiency, charge capacity, charging speed, and temperature rise. Furthermore, the article explores the economic costs associated with the implementation of the MSCC charging strategy in the automotive industry. It also discusses the utilization of battery models within the context of batteries. This information can serve as a valuable reference for designing new fast charging strategies and developing power battery systems and charging facilities that are compatible with the MSCC charging strategy.