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An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

Author

Listed:
  • Tohid Harighi

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey)

  • Ramazan Bayindir

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey)

  • Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

    (Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark)

  • Lucian Mihet-Popa

    (Norway Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, Kobberslagerstredet 5, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway)

  • Eklas Hossain

    (Department of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy, Oregon Tech, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA)

Abstract

The increase in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) is one of the most important problems in the world. Decreasing GHG emissions will be a big challenge in the future. The transportation sector uses a significant part of petroleum production in the world, and this leads to an increase in the emission of GHG. The result of this issue is that the population of the world befouls the environment by the transportation system automatically. Electric Vehicles (EV) have the potential to solve a big part of GHG emission and energy efficiency issues such as the stability and reliability of energy. Therefore, the EV and grid relation is limited to the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) function. Consequently, the grid has temporary energy storage in EVs’ batteries and electricity in exchange for fossil energy in vehicles. The energy actors and their research teams have determined some targets for 2050; hence, they hope to decrease the world temperature by 6 °C, or at least by 2 °C in the normal condition. Fulfilment of these scenarios requires suitable grid infrastructure, but in most countries, the grid does not have a suitable background to apply in those scenarios. In this paper, some problems regarding energy scenarios, energy storage systems, grid infrastructure and communication systems in the supply and demand side of the grid are reviewed.

Suggested Citation

  • Tohid Harighi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Eklas Hossain, 2018. "An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:8:p:2174-:d:164708
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    Cited by:

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    3. Jesús Rodríguez-Molina & Pedro Castillejo & Victoria Beltran & Margarita Martínez-Núñez, 2020. "A Model for Cost–Benefit Analysis of Privately Owned Vehicle-to-Grid Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-38, November.
    4. Muhammad Saad & Husan Ali & Huamei Liu & Shahbaz Khan & Haider Zaman & Bakht Muhammad Khan & Du Kai & Ju Yongfeng, 2018. "A dq -Domain Impedance Measurement Methodology for Three-Phase Converters in Distributed Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Yuancheng Li & Pan Zhang & Yimeng Wang, 2018. "The Location Privacy Protection of Electric Vehicles with Differential Privacy in V2G Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    6. Knez, Matjaz & Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj & Obrecht, Matevz, 2019. "A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 284-293.
    7. Tohid Harighi & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramazan Bayindir & Eklas Hossain & Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, 2019. "Electric Vehicle Charge Stations Location Analysis and Determination—Ankara (Turkey) Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    8. Seyfettin Vadi & Ramazan Bayindir & Alperen Mustafa Colak & Eklas Hossain, 2019. "A Review on Communication Standards and Charging Topologies of V2G and V2H Operation Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-27, September.
    9. Lucian Mihet-Popa & Sergio Saponara, 2018. "Toward Green Vehicles Digitalization for the Next Generation of Connected and Electrified Transport Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    10. Hyuk Jung & Bohyun Moon & Gwang Goo Lee, 2020. "Development of Experimental Apparatus for Fire Resistance Test of Rechargeable Energy Storage System in x EV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.

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