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Frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation – A literature review

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  • Seneviratne, Chinthaka
  • Ozansoy, C.

Abstract

This paper provides an updated review of the literature on the power system frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetrations of wind and PV generations. At present, these wind/PV generators continue to increase their visibility as a source of cleaner electricity generation, and play a significant role in the electricity market׳s energy plans. Along with the increasing levels of wind/PV penetration in power system networks, there is an increasing concern over the network frequency response especially under the loss of a large synchronous generator. It is widely agreed upon that the frequency response has become more susceptible with the increase of wind/PV generation due to the lack of inertial support from these generators. This paper aims to review the recent literature into the system frequency response in the likelihood of the sudden loss of a large conventional generator with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation. This literature review attests that existing primary control support schemes may not provide adequate frequency support for some networks with an increase of wind/PV generation. The prominent finding is that system operators do not have access to any specific tool that would allow them to determine the required frequency support on a real-time basis.

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  • Seneviratne, Chinthaka & Ozansoy, C., 2016. "Frequency response due to a large generator loss with the increasing penetration of wind/PV generation – A literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 659-668.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:57:y:2016:i:c:p:659-668
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.051
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    1. Nahid-Al-Masood, & Yan, Ruifeng & Saha, Tapan Kumar, 2015. "A new tool to estimate maximum wind power penetration level: In perspective of frequency response adequacy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 209-220.
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    3. Yan, Ruifeng & Saha, Tapan Kumar & Modi, Nilesh & Masood, Nahid-Al & Mosadeghy, Mehdi, 2015. "The combined effects of high penetration of wind and PV on power system frequency response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 320-330.
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    13. Thunchanok Kaewnukultorn & Steven Hegedus, 2024. "Impact of Impedances and Solar Inverter Grid Controls in Electric Distribution Line with Grid Voltage and Frequency Instability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-28, November.
    14. Rajan, Rijo & Fernandez, Francis M. & Yang, Yongheng, 2021. "Primary frequency control techniques for large-scale PV-integrated power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    15. Henning Thiesen & Clemens Jauch, 2021. "Application of a New Dispatch Methodology to Identify the Influence of Inertia Supplying Wind Turbines on Day-Ahead Market Sales Volumes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, February.
    16. Ratnam, Kamala Sarojini & Palanisamy, K. & Yang, Guangya, 2020. "Future low-inertia power systems: Requirements, issues, and solutions - A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    17. Nouha Mansouri & Abderezak Lashab & Dezso Sera & Josep M. Guerrero & Adnen Cherif, 2019. "Large Photovoltaic Power Plants Integration: A Review of Challenges and Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-16, October.
    18. Kanwal, S. & Khan, B. & Ali, S.M. & Mehmood, C.A., 2018. "Gaussian process regression based inertia emulation and reserve estimation for grid interfaced photovoltaic system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 865-875.
    19. Kang, Byung O. & Lee, Munsu & Kim, Youngil & Jung, Jaesung, 2018. "Economic analysis of a customer-installed energy storage system for both self-saving operation and demand response program participation in South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 69-83.
    20. Yongbeom Son & Yonggu Ha & Gilsoo Jang, 2024. "Frequency Nadir Estimation Using the Linear Characteristics of Frequency Control in Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-22, February.
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    22. Psarros, Georgios N. & Papathanassiou, Stavros A., 2023. "Generation scheduling in island systems with variable renewable energy sources: A literature review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1105-1124.

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