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Flexible interaction of plug-in electric vehicle parking lots for efficient wind integration

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  • Heydarian-Forushani, E.
  • Golshan, M.E.H.
  • Shafie-khah, M.

Abstract

The increasing share of uncertain wind generation has changed traditional operation scheduling of power systems. The challenges of this additional variability raise the need for an operational flexibility in providing both energy and reserve. One key solution is an effective incorporation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the power system operation process. To this end, this paper proposes a two-stage stochastic programming market-clearing model considering the network constraints to achieve the optimal scheduling of conventional units as well as PEV parking lots (PLs) in providing both energy and reserve services. Different from existing works, the paper pays more attention to the uncertain characterization of PLs takes into account the arrival/departure time of PEVs to/from the PL, the initial state of charge (SOC) of PEVs, and their battery capacity through a set of scenarios in addition to wind generation scenarios. The results reveal that although the cost saving as a consequence of incorporating PL to the grid is below 1% of total system cost, however, flexible interactions of PL in the energy and reserve markets can promote the integration of wind power more than 13.5%.

Suggested Citation

  • Heydarian-Forushani, E. & Golshan, M.E.H. & Shafie-khah, M., 2016. "Flexible interaction of plug-in electric vehicle parking lots for efficient wind integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 338-349.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:338-349
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.145
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jian, Linni & Zheng, Yanchong & Xiao, Xinping & Chan, C.C., 2015. "Optimal scheduling for vehicle-to-grid operation with stochastic connection of plug-in electric vehicles to smart grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 150-161.
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    3. Shafie-khah, M. & Heydarian-Forushani, E. & Golshan, M.E.H. & Siano, P. & Moghaddam, M.P. & Sheikh-El-Eslami, M.K. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2016. "Optimal trading of plug-in electric vehicle aggregation agents in a market environment for sustainability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 601-612.
    4. Shafie-khah, M. & Neyestani, N. & Damavandi, M.Y. & Gil, F.A.S. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2016. "Economic and technical aspects of plug-in electric vehicles in electricity markets," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1168-1177.
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    Cited by:

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    8. Heilmann, Christoph & Wozabal, David, 2021. "How much smart charging is smart?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    9. Tohid Harighi & Ramazan Bayindir & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Lucian Mihet-Popa & Eklas Hossain, 2018. "An Overview of Energy Scenarios, Storage Systems and the Infrastructure for Vehicle-to-Grid Technology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-18, August.
    10. Mahsa Z. Farahmand & Sara Javadi & Sayyed Muhammad Bagher Sadati & Hannu Laaksonen & Miadreza Shafie-khah, 2021. "Optimal Operation of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Parking Lots Considering Different Photovoltaic Technologies," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-16, June.
    11. Panagiotis Adraktas & Athanasios Dagoumas, 2019. "Integration of Electric Vehicles in the Unit Commitment Problem with Uncertain Renewable Electricity Generation," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 315-333.
    12. Hessam Golmohamadi & Saeed Golestan & Rakesh Sinha & Birgitte Bak-Jensen, 2024. "Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Systems, Structure, Opportunities, and Objectives: A Review for Residential Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-22, September.
    13. Perez-Diaz, Alvaro & Gerding, Enrico & McGroarty, Frank, 2018. "Coordination and payment mechanisms for electric vehicle aggregators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 185-195.
    14. Ramos Muñoz, Edgar & Jabbari, Faryar, 2020. "A decentralized, non-iterative smart protocol for workplace charging of battery electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    15. Seddig, Katrin & Jochem, Patrick & Fichtner, Wolf, 2017. "Integrating renewable energy sources by electric vehicle fleets under uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2145-2153.
    16. Heydarian-Forushani, E. & Golshan, M.E.H. & Siano, Pierluigi, 2017. "Evaluating the benefits of coordinated emerging flexible resources in electricity markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 142-154.
    17. Tohid Harighi & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Ramazan Bayindir & Eklas Hossain & Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, 2019. "Electric Vehicle Charge Stations Location Analysis and Determination—Ankara (Turkey) Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    18. Wu, Chuanshen & Gao, Shan & Liu, Yu & Song, Tiancheng E. & Han, Haiteng, 2021. "A model predictive control approach in microgrid considering multi-uncertainty of electric vehicles," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1385-1396.
    19. Zeng, Bo & Sun, Bo & Wei, Xuan & Gong, Dunwei & Zhao, Dongbo & Singh, Chanan, 2020. "Capacity value estimation of plug-in electric vehicle parking-lots in urban power systems: A physical-social coupling perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).

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