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Mobility as a service and private car use: Evidence from the Sydney MaaS trial

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  • Hensher, David A.
  • Ho, Chinh Q.
  • Reck, Daniel J.

Abstract

Australia’s first Mobility as a Service (MaaS) trial commenced in April 2019 in Sydney, running for two years. The objective of the trial is at least twofold – to assess interest in various MaaS subscription plans through bundling public transport, rideshare, car share and car rental with varying financial discounts and monthly subscription fees, in contrast to pay as you go (PAYG); and to assess the extent to which the use of the private car might change following a subscription to a monthly mobility bundle. This paper assesses the second objective by investigating the potential for changes in monthly car use in the presence of a MaaS program. There is no previous research that we are aware of that has tested the relationship between MaaS bundle uptake and private car use. The paper develops a joint discrete-continuous model system to explain the choice between monthly bundles and PAYG, and subsequently, the total monthly car kilometres. Controlling for monthly differences due to other influences such as seasonal travel activity, the findings suggest that the offered bundles do have an encouraging impact on private car use. Within the limits of what was tested under the Sydney MaaS trial, indicative evidence suggests that MaaS has the potential to change travel behaviour in a way aligned with sustainability objectives, although this evidence should not be taken as suggesting that MaaS is a commercially viable mobility strategy.

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  • Hensher, David A. & Ho, Chinh Q. & Reck, Daniel J., 2021. "Mobility as a service and private car use: Evidence from the Sydney MaaS trial," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 17-33.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transa:v:145:y:2021:i:c:p:17-33
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tra.2020.12.015
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Laila Oubahman & Szabolcs Duleba, 2022. "A Comparative Analysis of Homogenous Groups’ Preferences by Using AIP and AIJ Group AHP-PROMETHEE Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    10. Ho, Chinh Q., 2022. "Can MaaS change users’ travel behaviour to deliver commercial and societal outcomes?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 76-97.
    11. Duan, Sophia Xiaoxia & Tay, Richard & Molla, Alemayehu & Deng, Hepu, 2022. "Predicting Mobility as a Service (MaaS) use for different trip categories: An artificial neural network analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 135-149.
    12. Akse, Ruben & Veeneman, Wijnand & Marchau, Vincent & Ritter, Simone, 2023. "Governance of uncertainty in implementing mobility innovations: A comparison of two Dutch cases," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    13. Iria Lopez-Carreiro & Andres Monzon & Elena Lopez, 2023. "MaaS Implications in the Smart City: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-27, July.
    14. Medina-Molina, Cayetano & Pérez-Macías, Noemí & Fernández-Fernádez, José Luis, 2023. "The use of micromobility in different contexts. An explanation through the multilevel perspective and QCA," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. Anne Aguiléra & Eléonore Pigalle, 2021. "The Future and Sustainability of Carpooling Practices. An Identification of Research Challenges," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Kayikci, Yasanur & Kabadurmus, Ozgur, 2022. "Barriers to the adoption of the mobility-as-a-service concept: The case of Istanbul, a large emerging metropolis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 219-236.
    17. Claudia Caballini & Maria Vittoria Corazza & Valentina Costa & Ilaria Delponte & Erika Olivari, 2022. "Assessing the Feasibility of MaaS: A Contribution from Three Italian Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Bushell, James & Merkert, Rico & Beck, Matthew J., 2022. "Consumer preferences for operator collaboration in intra- and intercity transport ecosystems: Institutionalising platforms to facilitate MaaS 2.0," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 160-178.
    19. Riccardo Ceccato & Andrea Baldassa & Federico Orsini & Riccardo Rossi & Massimiliano Gastaldi, 2023. "MaaS Adoption and Sustainability for Systematic Trips: Estimation of Environmental Impacts in a Medium-Sized City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-14, May.
    20. Claudia Caballini & Erika Olivari & Carlotta Gasparini & Bruno Dalla Chiara, 2023. "The Spread of MaaS Initiatives in Europe: The Leading Role of Public Governance Emerging from an Italian Regional Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-27, September.
    21. Sweet, Matthias N. & Scott, Darren M., 2021. "Shared mobility adoption from 2016 to 2018 in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area: Demographic or geographic diffusion?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    22. Hensher, David A. & Mulley, Corinne & Nelson, John D., 2021. "Mobility as a service (MaaS) – Going somewhere or nowhere?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 153-156.
    23. Georgina Santos & Nikolay Nikolaev, 2021. "Mobility as a Service and Public Transport: A Rapid Literature Review and the Case of Moovit," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-18, March.
    24. Pandit, Debapratim & Sharma, Deepa, 2022. "Expected service dimensions and service levels for paratransit considering future mobility needs in emerging countries," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1-13.

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