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Extreme smoothing and testing for multivariate normality

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  • Henze, Norbert

Abstract

Recently, Bowman and Foster (1993) proposed to base a test for multivariate normality on a L2 distance between a nonparametric kernel density estimator and the parametric density estimator under normality, applied to the empirically standardized data. We show that, for a fixed bandwidth (not depending on the sample size), the test of Bowman and Foster is a member of the class of invariant and universally consistent procedures suggested by Henze and Zirkler (1990). Moreover, we identify and study the tests for multivariate normality obtained by letting the bandwidth tend to zero and to infinity. While the former test statistic is based solely on the Euclidean norm of the standardized data, letting the bandwidth tend to infinity yields a weighted sum of Mardia's time-honoured measure of multivariate skewness and a sample version of a recently introduced skewness measure of Móri, Rohatgi and Székely (1993).

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  • Henze, Norbert, 1997. "Extreme smoothing and testing for multivariate normality," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 203-213, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:stapro:v:35:y:1997:i:3:p:203-213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. L. Baringhaus & N. Henze, 1988. "A consistent test for multivariate normality based on the empirical characteristic function," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 35(1), pages 339-348, December.
    2. Romeu, J. L. & Ozturk, A., 1993. "A Comparative Study of Goodness-of-Fit Tests for Multivariate Normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 309-334, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chen, Feifei & Jiménez–Gamero, M. Dolores & Meintanis, Simos & Zhu, Lixing, 2022. "A general Monte Carlo method for multivariate goodness–of–fit testing applied to elliptical families," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. L. Fattorini & C. Pisani, 2000. "Assessing multivariate normality on the "worst" sample configuration," Metron - International Journal of Statistics, Dipartimento di Statistica, Probabilità e Statistiche Applicate - University of Rome, vol. 0(1-2), pages 23-38.
    3. Henze, N. & Klar, B. & Zhu, L. X., 2005. "Checking the adequacy of the multivariate semiparametric location shift model," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(2), pages 238-256, April.
    4. Philip Dörr & Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2021. "Testing multivariate normality by zeros of the harmonic oscillator in characteristic function spaces," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 456-501, June.
    5. Tenreiro, Carlos, 2009. "On the choice of the smoothing parameter for the BHEP goodness-of-fit test," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 1038-1053, February.
    6. Tenreiro, Carlos, 2011. "An affine invariant multiple test procedure for assessing multivariate normality," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 55(5), pages 1980-1992, May.
    7. Henze, Norbert & Wagner, Thorsten, 1997. "A New Approach to the BHEP Tests for Multivariate Normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 1-23, July.
    8. Henze, N. & Klar, B. & Meintanis, S. G., 2003. "Invariant tests for symmetry about an unspecified point based on the empirical characteristic function," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 275-297, November.
    9. Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2020. "Tests for multivariate normality—a critical review with emphasis on weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -statistics," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(4), pages 845-892, December.
    10. Norbert Henze & María Dolores Jiménez-Gamero, 2019. "A new class of tests for multinormality with i.i.d. and garch data based on the empirical moment generating function," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 28(2), pages 499-521, June.
    11. Sreenivasa Rao Jammalamadaka & Emanuele Taufer & György H. Terdik, 2021. "Asymptotic theory for statistics based on cumulant vectors with applications," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 708-728, June.
    12. L. Baringhaus & B. Ebner & N. Henze, 2017. "The limit distribution of weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -goodness-of-fit statistics under fixed alternatives, with applications," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 69(5), pages 969-995, October.
    13. Alessandro Manzotti & Adolfo Quiroz, 2001. "Spherical harmonics in quadratic forms for testing multivariate normality," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 10(1), pages 87-104, June.
    14. Wanfang Chen & Marc G. Genton, 2023. "Are You All Normal? It Depends!," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 91(1), pages 114-139, April.
    15. Norbert Henze & Jaco Visagie, 2020. "Testing for normality in any dimension based on a partial differential equation involving the moment generating function," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(5), pages 1109-1136, October.
    16. Norbert Henze, 2002. "Invariant tests for multivariate normality: a critical review," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 467-506, October.
    17. Norbert Henze & Celeste Mayer, 2020. "More good news on the HKM test for multivariate reflected symmetry about an unknown centre," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(3), pages 741-770, June.
    18. Epps, T. W., 1999. "Limiting behavior of the ICF test for normality under Gram-Charlier alternatives," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 175-184, April.

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