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Testing multivariate normality by zeros of the harmonic oscillator in characteristic function spaces

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Listed:
  • Philip Dörr
  • Bruno Ebner
  • Norbert Henze

Abstract

We study a novel class of affine invariant and consistent tests for normality in any dimension in an i.i.d.‐setting. The tests are based on a characterization of the standard d‐variate normal distribution as the unique solution of an initial value problem of a partial differential equation motivated by the harmonic oscillator, which is a special case of a Schrödinger operator. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics under the hypothesis of normality as well as under fixed and contiguous alternatives. The tests are consistent against general alternatives, exhibit strong power performance for finite samples, and they are applied to a classical data set due to R.A. Fisher. The results can also be used for a neighborhood‐of‐model validation procedure.

Suggested Citation

  • Philip Dörr & Bruno Ebner & Norbert Henze, 2021. "Testing multivariate normality by zeros of the harmonic oscillator in characteristic function spaces," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 456-501, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:scjsta:v:48:y:2021:i:2:p:456-501
    DOI: 10.1111/sjos.12477
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. L. Baringhaus & B. Ebner & N. Henze, 2017. "The limit distribution of weighted $$L^2$$ L 2 -goodness-of-fit statistics under fixed alternatives, with applications," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 69(5), pages 969-995, October.
    4. N. Henze, 1990. "An approximation to the limit distribution of the epps-pulley test statistic for normality," Metrika: International Journal for Theoretical and Applied Statistics, Springer, vol. 37(1), pages 7-18, December.
    5. Henze, Norbert & Nikitin, Yakov & Ebner, Bruno, 2009. "Integral distribution-free statistics of Lp-type and their asymptotic comparison," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 53(9), pages 3426-3438, July.
    6. Ilmun Kim & Sangun Park, 2018. "Likelihood ratio tests for multivariate normality," Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(8), pages 1923-1934, April.
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    11. Steffen Betsch & Bruno Ebner, 2020. "Testing normality via a distributional fixed point property in the Stein characterization," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 29(1), pages 105-138, March.
    12. Norbert Henze & Jaco Visagie, 2020. "Testing for normality in any dimension based on a partial differential equation involving the moment generating function," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(5), pages 1109-1136, October.
    13. Henze, Norbert, 1997. "Limit laws for multivariate skewness in the sense of Móri, Rohatgi and Székely," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 299-307, May.
    14. Norbert Henze, 2002. "Invariant tests for multivariate normality: a critical review," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 43(4), pages 467-506, October.
    15. Ebner, Bruno, 2012. "Asymptotic theory for the test for multivariate normality by Cox and Small," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 368-379.
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    19. Norbert Henze & Celeste Mayer, 2020. "More good news on the HKM test for multivariate reflected symmetry about an unknown centre," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(3), pages 741-770, June.
    20. Henze, Norbert & Wagner, Thorsten, 1997. "A New Approach to the BHEP Tests for Multivariate Normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 1-23, July.
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    22. Szekely, Gábor J. & Rizzo, Maria L., 2005. "A new test for multivariate normality," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(1), pages 58-80, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Natalie Neumeyer & Miguel A. Delgado & Lajos Horváth & Simos Meintanis & Emanuele Taufer & Lixing Zhu, 2021. "4th Workshop on Goodness‐of‐Fit, Change‐Point, and Related Problems, Trento, 2019," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 48(2), pages 371-374, June.
    2. Chen, Feifei & Jiménez–Gamero, M. Dolores & Meintanis, Simos & Zhu, Lixing, 2022. "A general Monte Carlo method for multivariate goodness–of–fit testing applied to elliptical families," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).

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