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Inertia monitoring in power systems: Critical features, challenges, and framework

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  • L., Lavanya
  • Swarup, K.S.

Abstract

Grid inertia is a measure of stored kinetic energy in the power system that resists frequency excursions. The inertia is reduced with the replacement of conventional generators with renewable energy sources. This reduction in inertia, in turn, reduces the time required for control action to prevent frequency excursions from violating security limits. In order to plan for frequency reserves and automate measures to prevent grid collapse, it is crucial to monitor grid inertia. Many works in the literature estimate the inertia of a power system. These methods differ in various aspects, including the data, approach, timeline, and source of inertia they estimate. This study aims to synthesize those works by establishing the essential features of a full-fledged grid inertia monitoring system, which are necessary to overcome the problems with low inertia. In addition, this study examines several approaches in the literature from the perspective of meeting the indicated features and tackling the related challenges. It provides a comprehensive view of the literature and identifies the research gaps, offering directions for future research. It also presents a framework interconnecting different aspects for a comprehensive inertia monitoring system.

Suggested Citation

  • L., Lavanya & Swarup, K.S., 2024. "Inertia monitoring in power systems: Critical features, challenges, and framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 190(PA).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:190:y:2024:i:pa:s1364032123009346
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.114076
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Yan, Ruifeng & Saha, Tapan Kumar & Modi, Nilesh & Masood, Nahid-Al & Mosadeghy, Mehdi, 2015. "The combined effects of high penetration of wind and PV on power system frequency response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 320-330.
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    5. Heylen, Evelyn & Teng, Fei & Strbac, Goran, 2021. "Challenges and opportunities of inertia estimation and forecasting in low-inertia power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
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