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Recent developments in investigating reaction chemistry and transport effects in biomass fast pyrolysis: A review

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  • Ansari, Khursheed B.
  • Kamal, Bushra
  • Beg, Sidra
  • Wakeel Khan, Md. Aquib
  • Khan, Mohd Shariq
  • Al Mesfer, Mohammed K.
  • Danish, Mohd.

Abstract

Fast pyrolysis of biomass converts it mainly into bio-oil, which is incapable of being utilized directly as drop-in fuel because of high oxygen content, unstable nature, and lower heating value. The composition of bio-oil decides its quality, fitness for upgrading, and environmental influence. However, it is controlled by numerous essential pyrolysis reactions, which are difficult to characterize because of the multiphase thermal degradation of biomass happening in short time scales with inter-related reaction chemistry and transport effects. This review paper critically analyses the current progress on essential pyrolysis reactions, from reaction-controlled pyrolysis experiments and molecular simulations. In experiments, recently employed Frontier Micropyrolyzer, PHASR reactor, Wire mesh reactor, and Pyroprobe with the allied analytical system revealed essential pyrolysis reactions (i.e., glycosidic bond cleavage, dehydration, and successive fragmentation of C6 or C5 compounds, etc.). The effect of transport on individual pyrolysis products, especially forming bio-oil, is described using transport-controlled experiments. Besides, the role of catalysts in altering biomass pyrolysis reactions, and hence bio-oil composition, is highlighted through experimental and theoretical findings. The mechanistic insight of biomass compounds breaking (validated with experiments), with and without catalysts, is presented. Eventually, the particle level reaction-transport models capturing the inter-related effects of pyrolysis reactions (as reaction kinetics) and transport processes, under different pyrolysis conditions, are discussed. The collective information provided in this review would be beneficial for biomass pyrolysis investigators in designing operating conditions for the conversion of several biomass feedstocks into bio-oil, similar to drop-in fuel.

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  • Ansari, Khursheed B. & Kamal, Bushra & Beg, Sidra & Wakeel Khan, Md. Aquib & Khan, Mohd Shariq & Al Mesfer, Mohammed K. & Danish, Mohd., 2021. "Recent developments in investigating reaction chemistry and transport effects in biomass fast pyrolysis: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:150:y:2021:i:c:s1364032121007371
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111454
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    1. Sun, Ce & Tan, Haiyan & Zhang, Yanhua, 2023. "Simulating the pyrolysis interactions among hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in wood waste under real conditions to find the proper way to prepare bio-oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 851-863.
    2. Zhou, Qiaoqiao & Liu, Zhenyu & Wu, Ta Yeong & Zhang, Lian, 2023. "Furfural from pyrolysis of agroforestry waste: Critical factors for utilisation of C5 and C6 sugars," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
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    4. Douvartzides, Savvas & Charisiou, Nikolaos D. & Wang, Wen & Papadakis, Vagelis G. & Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki & Goula, Maria A., 2022. "Catalytic fast pyrolysis of agricultural residues and dedicated energy crops for the production of high energy density transportation biofuels. Part I: Chemical pathways and bio-oil upgrading," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 483-505.
    5. Mingyuan Zhang & Xue Han & Huanang Wang & Yimin Zeng & Chunbao Charles Xu, 2023. "Hydrodeoxygenation of Pyrolysis Oil in Supercritical Ethanol with Formic Acid as an In Situ Hydrogen Source over NiMoW Catalysts Supported on Different Materials," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    6. Hu, Hangli & Luo, Yanru & Zou, Jianfeng & Zhang, Shukai & Yellezuome, Dominic & Rahman, Md Maksudur & Li, Yingkai & Li, Chong & Cai, Junmeng, 2022. "Exploring aging kinetic mechanisms of bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis based on change in carbonyl content," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 782-790.
    7. Sun, Haoran & Yang, Shiliang & Bao, Guirong & Hu, Jianhang & Wang, Hua, 2023. "Numerical evaluation of multi-scale properties in biomass fast pyrolysis in fountain confined conical spouted bed," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    8. Bartłomiej Igliński & Wojciech Kujawski & Urszula Kiełkowska, 2023. "Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-26, February.
    9. Małgorzata Sieradzka & Agata Mlonka-Mędrala & Izabela Kalemba-Rec & Markus Reinmöller & Felix Küster & Wojciech Kalawa & Aneta Magdziarz, 2022. "Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Residue from Gasification of Biomass Wastes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-19, May.
    10. Ali Abdulkhani & Zahra Echresh Zadeh & Solomon Gajere Bawa & Fubao Sun & Meysam Madadi & Xueming Zhang & Basudeb Saha, 2023. "Comparative Production of Bio-Oil from In Situ Catalytic Upgrading of Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    11. Wang, Wenyan & Liu, Xuan & Zhang, Guangyi & Zhu, Xinyu & Shi, Bowen & Zhang, Jianling & Xu, Guangwen, 2022. "Decoupled combustion of alcohol extracted herb residues with blending wasted activated coke: Insight into in-situ NOx emission control by pyrolysis products," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).

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