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Advancement of lithium-ion battery cells voltage equalization techniques: A review

Author

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  • Das, Utpal Kumar
  • Shrivastava, Prashant
  • Tey, Kok Soon
  • Bin Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna
  • Mekhilef, Saad
  • Jamei, Elmira
  • Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi
  • Stojcevski, Alex

Abstract

Recently, the use of electric batteries has reached great heights due to the invention of electric vehicles (EVs). Many lithium-ion battery cells are usually connected in series to meet the voltage requirements. The voltages of the entire series-connected battery cells in a battery pack should be equal. However, such result is impossible due to some unavoidable reasons in real life. Unbalanced battery cell voltages can reduce storage capacities and may cause explosions or fires in the worst case which is a major obstacle for safe and optimum operations of battery-driven appliances, such as EVs. Therefore, battery cell voltage equalizations have become an important research topic. Many studies have been conducted to develop and improve techniques to equalize battery cell voltages by incorporating various remarkable features. This study makes a comprehensive and systematic review of these cell equalization techniques. The importance and research prospect of battery cell voltage equalizers are discussed. A critical analysis of recent techniques, particularly on construction, operation, and control strategy of equalization circuits, is also presented. Moreover, recent studies are compared based on circuit designs, sizes, costs, complexities, system efficiencies, applications, control strategies, balancing speeds, and voltage/current stresses of different equalizers. Commonly used two different types of control strategies/algorithms in software system of battery cell equalizers are briefly described. The recent research trend of different equalizers is also discussed in detail. Simulation results of few equalization approaches and performance evaluation techniques are analyzed.

Suggested Citation

  • Das, Utpal Kumar & Shrivastava, Prashant & Tey, Kok Soon & Bin Idris, Mohd Yamani Idna & Mekhilef, Saad & Jamei, Elmira & Seyedmahmoudian, Mehdi & Stojcevski, Alex, 2020. "Advancement of lithium-ion battery cells voltage equalization techniques: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:134:y:2020:i:c:s1364032120305165
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110227
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    6. Shengyi Luo & Dongchen Qin & Hongxia Wu & Tingting Wang & Jiangyi Chen, 2022. "Multi-Cell-to-Multi-Cell Battery Equalization in Series Battery Packs Based on Variable Duty Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, April.
    7. Tian, Jiaqiang & Fan, Yuan & Pan, Tianhong & Zhang, Xu & Yin, Jianning & Zhang, Qingping, 2024. "A critical review on inconsistency mechanism, evaluation methods and improvement measures for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    8. Shu, Xing & Shen, Jiangwei & Chen, Zheng & Zhang, Yuanjian & Liu, Yonggang & Lin, Yan, 2022. "Remaining capacity estimation for lithium-ion batteries via co-operation of multi-machine learning algorithms," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    9. Neha Bhushan & Saad Mekhilef & Kok Soon Tey & Mohamed Shaaban & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Alex Stojcevski, 2022. "Overview of Model- and Non-Model-Based Online Battery Management Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental and Simulation Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-31, November.
    10. Olabi, A.G. & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2022. "Renewable energy and climate change," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
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