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Novel use of the enhanced thermal response test in crystalline bedrock

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  • Hakala, Petri
  • Vallin, Sami
  • Arola, Teppo
  • Martinkauppi, Ilkka

Abstract

The thermophysical properties of bedrock are of primary importance when designing borehole thermal energy systems. We present a novel use of the Enhanced Thermal Response Test (ETRT) to determine bedrock thermal conductivity, natural convection, and drill hole thermal resistance as a function of depth in crystalline bedrock. Bedrock was heated with a 228-m-long hybrid cable containing copper wires and fiber optics for temperature monitoring. A reference fiber optic cable was installed along the whole length of the studied drill hole. For groundwater-filled boreholes, the ETRT offers a means to estimate the magnitude of buoyancy-driven natural convection. We estimated that the heating power in the ETRT should not exceed 20 Wm-1 for the thermal conductivities to be determined with sufficient accuracy. According our results, the accuracy of the ETRT can be significantly improved if the test is performed with a hybrid fiber optic cable combined with a reference fiber optic cable. Thermal resistance can be more accurately determined if a reference fiber optic cable is used. The most important achievement of this method is that compared to other measurement methods, the effective thermal conductivity of bedrock can be simultaneously determined along the entire length of the drill hole.

Suggested Citation

  • Hakala, Petri & Vallin, Sami & Arola, Teppo & Martinkauppi, Ilkka, 2022. "Novel use of the enhanced thermal response test in crystalline bedrock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 467-482.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:182:y:2022:i:c:p:467-482
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.10.020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Bo & Gu, Kai & Shi, Bin & Liu, Chun & Bayer, Peter & Wei, Guangqing & Gong, Xülong & Yang, Lei, 2020. "Actively heated fiber optics based thermal response test: A field demonstration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    2. Gehlin, S.E.A. & Hellström, G., 2003. "Influence on thermal response test by groundwater flow in vertical fractures in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(14), pages 2221-2238.
    3. Wilke, Sascha & Menberg, Kathrin & Steger, Hagen & Blum, Philipp, 2020. "Advanced thermal response tests: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    4. Spitler, Jeffrey D. & Javed, Saqib & Ramstad, Randi Kalskin, 2016. "Natural convection in groundwater-filled boreholes used as ground heat exchangers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 352-365.
    5. Liebel, Heiko T. & Javed, Saqib & Vistnes, Gunnar, 2012. "Multi-injection rate thermal response test with forced convection in a groundwater-filled borehole in hard rock," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 263-268.
    6. Gustafsson, A.-M. & Westerlund, L., 2010. "Multi-injection rate thermal response test in groundwater filled borehole heat exchanger," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1061-1070.
    7. Gehlin, S.E.A. & Hellström, G. & Nordell, B., 2003. "The influence of the thermosiphon effect on the thermal response test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(14), pages 2239-2254.
    8. Maria Isabel Vélez Márquez & Jasmin Raymond & Daniela Blessent & Mikael Philippe & Nataline Simon & Olivier Bour & Louis Lamarche, 2018. "Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-24, November.
    9. Marcotte, D. & Pasquier, P., 2008. "On the estimation of thermal resistance in borehole thermal conductivity test," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 2407-2415.
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    Cited by:

    1. Yongjie Ma & Yanjun Zhang & Yuxiang Cheng & Yu Zhang & Xuefeng Gao & Hao Deng & Xin Zhang, 2022. "Influence of Different Heat Loads and Durations on the Field Thermal Response Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Yongjie Ma & Yanjun Zhang & Yuxiang Cheng & Yu Zhang & Xuefeng Gao & Kun Shan, 2022. "A Case Study of Field Thermal Response Test and Laboratory Test Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-20, October.
    3. Zhang, Bo & Gu, Kai & Wei, Zhuang & Jiang, Lin & Zheng, Yu & Wang, Baojun & Shi, Bin, 2023. "Governing factors for actively heated fiber optics based thermal response tests," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    4. Violante, Anna Carmela & Guidi, Giambattista & Proposito, Marco & Mataloni, Simone & Spaziani, Fabio, 2024. "Use of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) coupled to ground source heat exchangers for geological thermo-stratigraphic correlation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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