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Modeling and protection of photovoltaic systems during lightning strikes: A review

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  • Hetita, Ibrahim
  • Zalhaf, Amr S.
  • Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A.
  • Han, Yang
  • Yang, Ping
  • Wang, Congling

Abstract

The integration of renewable energy (RE) sources is increasing day by day because of their permanent existence and the limited quantities of fossil fuels. One of the most promising RE sources is photovoltaic (PV) technology, which is developing quickly in many countries worldwide. PV cells generate electricity by converting the sunlight to DC voltage. PV arrays are installed in outdoor areas and on the rooftops of homes to be directly subjected to the sun. Consequently, they are frequently subjected to lightning strikes, which may cause damage to PV arrays, service interruption, and additional cost for PV replacement. Therefore, an adequate lightning protection system (LPS) must be installed to protect the PV panels. In addition, the transient performance of PV panels during lightning strikes must be analyzed well. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the superior modeling methods of PV systems during lightning strikes. In addition, the paper displays the different platforms to simulate the transient effects of lightning strikes on PV systems. The lightning transient effects on PV arrays are studied based on the system modeling to assess the recommended LPS designs studied in the literature. The paper also gives some recommendations about the modeling methods and protection of PV systems during lightning strike.

Suggested Citation

  • Hetita, Ibrahim & Zalhaf, Amr S. & Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A. & Han, Yang & Yang, Ping & Wang, Congling, 2022. "Modeling and protection of photovoltaic systems during lightning strikes: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 134-148.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:184:y:2022:i:c:p:134-148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.11.083
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nur Hazirah Zaini & Mohd Zainal Abidin Ab. Kadir & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi & Mahdi Izadi & Norhafiz Azis & Nor Izzati Ahmad & Mohd Solehin Mohd Nasir, 2017. "Lightning Surge Analysis on a Large Scale Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhou, Siyu & Han, Yang & Zalhaf, Amr S. & Chen, Shuheng & Zhou, Te & Yang, Ping & Elboshy, Bahaa, 2023. "A novel multi-objective scheduling model for grid-connected hydro-wind-PV-battery complementary system under extreme weather: A case study of Sichuan, China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 818-833.
    2. Li, Guorong & Zhang, Yunpeng & Zhou, Hai & Wu, Ji & Sun, Shumin & You, Daning & Zhang, Yuanpeng, 2024. "Novel reference condition independent method for estimating performance for PV modules based on double-diode model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).

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