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Torrefaction of woody biomass (Acacia nilotica): Investigation of fuel and flow properties to study its suitability as a good quality solid fuel

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  • Singh, Satyansh
  • Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad
  • Mondal, Monoj Kumar

Abstract

Torrefaction of Acacia nilotica was carried out in a quartz fixed-bed reactor. Temperature and residence time varied from 220 to 280 °C and 20–60 min. The fuel (volatile ignitability (VI), combustibility index (CI), fuel ratio (FR)), and flow (Hausner ratio (HR), cohesion coefficient (C), Carr compressibility index (CCI), angle of repose) properties were investigated for raw and torrefied biomass. Torrefied biomass was also characterized through TGA, FTIR, SEM-EDX and ICP-MS analysis. For moisture sorption test, contact angle was measured. Finally, torrefied biomass was compared with coal using published literature. The HHV, fixed carbon content, FR of raw biomass at 280 °C for 40 min was increased from 19.31 to 24.76 MJ/kg, 11.35 to 60.40 wt %, and 0.13 to 1.63, respectively. While, VI, CI, C, CCI and bulk density of raw biomass at similar condition of torrefaction decreased from 15.76 to 15.37 (MJ/kg), 147.40 to 17.37 (MJ/kg), 0.40 to 0.33, 22.85 to 15.86 and 230.82 to 172.84 (kg/m3), respectively. ICP-MS analysis revealed that torrefied biomass was enriched in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, etc. At similar torrefaction condition, the moisture absorbed by raw and torrefied biomass was 35.44% and 6.61%, respectively. Contact angle (79.1°/77.5°) for torrefied biomass suggested its hydrophobic nature.

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  • Singh, Satyansh & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2020. "Torrefaction of woody biomass (Acacia nilotica): Investigation of fuel and flow properties to study its suitability as a good quality solid fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 711-724.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:153:y:2020:i:c:p:711-724
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.037
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    2. Głód, Krzysztof & Lasek, Janusz A. & Supernok, Krzysztof & Pawłowski, Przemysław & Fryza, Rafał & Zuwała, Jarosław, 2023. "Torrefaction as a way to increase the waste energy potential," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
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    5. Montree Wongsiriwittaya & Teerapat Chompookham & Bopit Bubphachot, 2023. "Improvement of Higher Heating Value and Hygroscopicity Reduction of Torrefied Rice Husk by Torrefaction and Circulating Gas in the System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-13, July.
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    8. Sui, Haiqing & Chen, Jianfeng & Cheng, Wei & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Hu, Junhao & Jiang, Hao & Shao, Jing'ai & Chen, Hanping, 2024. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on fuel and pelletizing properties of agricultural biomass in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    9. Piotr Piersa & Szymon Szufa & Justyna Czerwińska & Hilal Ünyay & Łukasz Adrian & Grzegorz Wielgosinski & Andrzej Obraniak & Wiktoria Lewandowska & Marta Marczak-Grzesik & Maria Dzikuć & Zdzislawa Roma, 2021. "Pine Wood and Sewage Sludge Torrefaction Process for Production Renewable Solid Biofuels and Biochar as Carbon Carrier for Fertilizers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-27, December.
    10. Huang, Shengxiong & Lei, Can & Qin, Jie & Yi, Cheng & Chen, Tao & Yao, Lingling & Li, Bo & Wen, Yujiao & Zhou, Zhi & Xia, Mao, 2022. "Properties, kinetics and pyrolysis products distribution of oxidative torrefied camellia shell in different oxygen concentration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    11. Sun Yong Park & Seok Jun Kim & Kwang Cheol Oh & La Hoon Cho & Young Kwang Jeon & Dae Hyun Kim, 2023. "Evaluation of the Optimal Conditions for Oxygen-Rich and Oxygen-Lean Torrefaction of Forestry Byproduct as a Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-19, June.
    12. Tian, Hong & Chen, Lei & Huang, Zhangjun & Cheng, Shan & Yang, Yang, 2022. "Increasing the bio-aromatics yield in the biomass pyrolysis oils by the integration of torrefaction deoxygenation pretreatment and catalytic fast pyrolysis with a dual catalyst system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 561-571.
    13. Devaraja, Udya Madhavi Aravindi & Senadheera, Sachini Supunsala & Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali, 2022. "Torrefaction severity and performance of Rubberwood and Gliricidia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1341-1353.
    14. Kim, Seok Jun & Park, Sunyong & Oh, Kwang Cheol & Ju, Young Min & Cho, La hoon & Kim, Dae Hyun, 2021. "Development of surface torrefaction process to utilize agro-byproducts as an energy source," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    15. Ahmed, Gaffer & Kishore, Nanda, 2023. "Fuel phase extraction from pyrolytic liquid of Azadirachta indica biomass followed by subsequent characterization of pyrolysis products," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    16. Sukiran, Mohamad Azri & Wan Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri & Abnisa, Faisal & Nasrin, Abu Bakar & Abdul Aziz, Astimar & Loh, Soh Kheang, 2021. "A comprehensive study on torrefaction of empty fruit bunches: Characterization of solid, liquid and gas products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    17. Jagadale, Manisha & Gangil, Sandip & Jadhav, Mahesh, 2023. "Enhancing fuel characteristics of jute sticks (Corchorus Sp.) using fixed bed torrefaction process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    18. Zhao, Zhong & Feng, Shuo & Zhao, Yaying & Wang, Zhuozhi & Ma, Jiao & Xu, Lianfei & Yang, Jiancheng & Shen, Boxiong, 2022. "Investigation on the fuel quality and hydrophobicity of upgraded rice husk derived from various inert and oxidative torrefaction conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 1234-1248.
    19. Meriño Stand, L. & Valencia Ochoa, G. & Duarte Forero, J., 2021. "Energy and exergy assessment of a combined supercritical Brayton cycle-orc hybrid system using solar radiation and coconut shell biomass as energy source," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 119-142.

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