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Steam treatment of four softwood species and bark to produce torrefied wood

Author

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  • Tooyserkani, Zahra
  • Sokhansanj, Shahab
  • Bi, Xiaotao
  • Lim, Jim
  • Lau, Anthony
  • Saddler, Jack
  • Kumar, Linoj
  • Lam, Pak Sui
  • Melin, Staffan

Abstract

Debarked samples from three wood species (Spruce, Douglas-fir and Pine) and Douglas-fir bark were treated with saturated steam at 220°C for 5min. The objective was to quantify physical and compositional properties of the treated biomass that would affect on the degree of carbonization (torrefaction) of softwood particles. The resulting data indicated that the calorific value increases as a result of steam treatment; the highest increase was 26.0% for Spruce, from 18.7MJ/kg to 23.6MJ/kg. The corresponding carbon content of the treated Spruce increased from 46.5% to 57.0%. The equilibrium moisture content of the treated wood, placed in a chamber at 90% relative humidity and 30°C air for 180min, dropped from around 0.103 (decimal dry basis) (before treatment) to about 0.045 (decimal dry basis) for Spruce treated particles. Bulk density of Spruce particles increased the most from 87kg/m3 to 129kg/m3 after steam treatment. The bulk density of Douglas-fir bark decreased from 310kg/m3 to 275kg/m3 upon steam treatment. The increased values in calorific values, hydrophobicity, carbon content and dark brownish color indicated a mild degree of torrefaction of biomass when compared to the corresponding values of treated biomass at temperatures of 280°C.

Suggested Citation

  • Tooyserkani, Zahra & Sokhansanj, Shahab & Bi, Xiaotao & Lim, Jim & Lau, Anthony & Saddler, Jack & Kumar, Linoj & Lam, Pak Sui & Melin, Staffan, 2013. "Steam treatment of four softwood species and bark to produce torrefied wood," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 514-521.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:103:y:2013:i:c:p:514-521
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.016
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Lam, Pak Sui & Lam, Pak Yiu & Sokhansanj, Shahab & Lim, C. Jim & Bi, Xiaotao T. & Stephen, James D. & Pribowo, Amadeus & Mabee, Warren E., 2015. "Steam explosion of oil palm residues for the production of durable pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 160-166.
    2. Peyman Alizadeh & Tim Dumonceaux & Lope G. Tabil & Edmund Mupondwa & Majid Soleimani & Duncan Cree, 2022. "Steam Explosion Pre-Treatment of Sawdust for Biofuel Pellets," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Xiao He & Lianjun Wang & Anthony Lau, 2020. "Investigation of Steam Treatment on the Sorption Behavior of Rice Straw Pellets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-9, October.
    4. Leontiev, Alexandr & Kichatov, Boris & Korshunov, Alexey & Kiverin, Alexey & Medvetskaya, Natalia & Melnikova, Ksenia, 2018. "Oxidative torrefaction of briquetted birch shavings in the bentonite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 303-313.
    5. Yuta Saito & Kiyoshi Sakuragi & Tetsuya Shoji & Maromu Otaka, 2018. "Expedient Prediction of the Fuel Properties of Carbonized Woody Biomass Based on Hue Angle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-8, May.
    6. Abelha, Pedro & Leiser, Simon & Pels, Jan R. & Cieplik, Mariusz K., 2022. "Combustion properties of upgraded alternative biomasses by washing and steam explosion for complete coal replacement in coal-designed power plant applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    7. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lin, Bo-Jhih & Colin, Baptiste & Chang, Jo-Shu & Pétrissans, Anélie & Bi, Xiaotao & Pétrissans, Mathieu, 2018. "Hygroscopic transformation of woody biomass torrefaction for carbon storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 768-776.
    8. Singh, Satyansh & Chakraborty, Jyoti Prasad & Mondal, Monoj Kumar, 2020. "Torrefaction of woody biomass (Acacia nilotica): Investigation of fuel and flow properties to study its suitability as a good quality solid fuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 711-724.
    9. Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski & Paweł Dudziec & Ewelina Olba-Zięty & Paweł Stachowicz & Michał Krzyżaniak, 2022. "Forest Dendromass as Energy Feedstock: Diversity of Properties and Composition Depending on Systematic Genus and Organ," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-60, February.
    10. Hu, Qiang & Shao, Jingai & Yang, Haiping & Yao, Dingding & Wang, Xianhua & Chen, Hanping, 2015. "Effects of binders on the properties of bio-char pellets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 508-516.

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