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A review on remedial attempts to counteract the power generation compromise from draft tubes of hydropower plants

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  • Muhirwa, Alexis
  • Cai, Wei-Hua
  • Su, Wen-Tao
  • Liu, Quanzhong
  • Binama, Maxime
  • Li, Biao
  • Wu, Jian

Abstract

Hydropower plants provide an asset over other renewables of production flexibility. Away from the turbine design point; detrimental off-load instabilities may compromise the power generation consistency. During part-load operations; the draft tube swirl strongly couples the precessing motion of the vortex rope with the propagation of low-frequency pressure pulsations, further excessive fluid-structure interactions and power swings. To counteract that excitation; different attempts have been devised to dampen local pressure amplitude and detune the instability frequency against the natural system resonance. This article reviews strengths and weaknesses of those remedial attempts applied in the draft tube. They have been categorized as (1) Structural passive methods of shape optimization, J-grooves, stabilizer fins, adjustable diaphragm, baffles, runner cone extension and flow deflectors; (2) Fluidic active techniques of air and water supply and; (3) the hybrid flow control of different approaches. Frequent problems for their optimized effectiveness are: proper dimensions against flow intrusion, vibration and efficiency; location and configuration; performance deterioration of pressure recovery and cavitation; supply conditions of ancillary fluids; hydraulic/head losses; and the activation energy requirement. Future CFD-assisted considerations mainly call for rare hybrid remedy, as no single method can adequately address all instability problems from the draft tube.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhirwa, Alexis & Cai, Wei-Hua & Su, Wen-Tao & Liu, Quanzhong & Binama, Maxime & Li, Biao & Wu, Jian, 2020. "A review on remedial attempts to counteract the power generation compromise from draft tubes of hydropower plants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 743-764.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:150:y:2020:i:c:p:743-764
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.141
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    Cited by:

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    2. Zhumei Luo & Cong Nie & Shunli Lv & Tao Guo & Suoming Gao, 2022. "The Effect of J-Groove on Vortex Suppression and Energy Dissipation in a Draft Tube of Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Zhou, Xing & Hu, Xinyi & Huang, Quanshui & Wu, Hegao & Tang, Xiaodan & Cervantes, Michel J., 2024. "Optimization design of an innovative francis draft tube: Insight into improving operational flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    4. Arthur Favrel & Nak-joong Lee & Tatsuya Irie & Kazuyoshi Miyagawa, 2021. "Design of Experiments Applied to Francis Turbine Draft Tube to Minimize Pressure Pulsations and Energy Losses in Off-Design Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Shiraghaee, Shahab & Sundström, Joel & Raisee, Mehrdad & Cervantes, Michel J., 2024. "Extending the operating range of axial turbines with the protrusion of radially adjustable flat plates: An experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    6. Zhou, Ling & Hang, Jianwei & Bai, Ling & Krzemianowski, Zbigniew & El-Emam, Mahmoud A. & Yasser, Eman & Agarwal, Ramesh, 2022. "Application of entropy production theory for energy losses and other investigation in pumps and turbines: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    7. Raul-Alexandru Szakal & Alexandru Doman & Sebastian Muntean, 2021. "Influence of the Reshaped Elbow on the Unsteady Pressure Field in a Simplified Geometry of the Draft Tube," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-21, March.
    8. Sergey Shtork & Daniil Suslov & Sergey Skripkin & Ivan Litvinov & Evgeny Gorelikov, 2023. "An Overview of Active Control Techniques for Vortex Rope Mitigation in Hydraulic Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-31, July.
    9. Zhou, Xing & Shi, Changzheng & Miyagawa, Kazuyoshi & Wu, Hegao, 2021. "Effect of modified draft tube with inclined conical diffuser on flow instabilities in Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 606-617.
    10. Kan, Kan & Binama, Maxime & Chen, Huixiang & Zheng, Yuan & Zhou, Daqing & Su, Wentao & Muhirwa, Alexis, 2022. "Pump as turbine cavitation performance for both conventional and reverse operating modes: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    11. Ren, Xiaojun & Wu, Yongtang & Hao, Dongmin & Liu, Guoxu & Zafetti, Nicholas, 2021. "Analysis of the performance of the multi-objective hybrid hydropower-photovoltaic-wind system to reduce variance and maximum power generation by developed owl search algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    12. Zhou, Xing & Wu, Hegao & Cheng, Li & Huang, Quanshui & Shi, Changzheng, 2023. "A new draft tube shape optimisation methodology of introducing inclined conical diffuser in hydraulic turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    13. Su, Wen-Tao & Binama, Maxime & Li, Yang & Zhao, Yue, 2020. "Study on the method of reducing the pressure fluctuation of hydraulic turbine by optimizing the draft tube pressure distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 550-560.
    14. Shahzer, Mohammad Abu & Kim, Jin-Hyuk, 2024. "Investigation of role of fins in a Francis turbine model's cavitation-induced instabilities under design and off-design conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).

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